Mass incarceration, public health, and widening inequality in the USA
Mass incarceration, public health, and widening inequality in the USA
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30259-3
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发表时间：
2017-04-08
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Wang, Emily A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wildeman, Christopher;Wang, Emily A.
在本系列论文中，我们研究了大规模监禁是如何影响健康不平等的。美国是世界上监禁率最高的国家，而黑人在监禁率方面的影响尤为严重。近三分之一的黑人男性将被监禁，近一半的黑人女性目前有家庭成员或大家庭成员被监禁。然而，直到最近，大规模监禁对公共卫生的影响还不清楚。这一领域的大多数研究都集中在现在和以前的囚犯的健康问题上，研究结果表明，监禁可能在监禁期间对身体健康产生一些短期改善，但对释放后的身心健康产生深远的有害影响。关于大规模监禁对家庭和社区影响的新文献指出，对被监禁男性的女性伴侣和子女的健康产生负面影响，并引发了人们的担忧，即过度监禁可能会损害整个社区，因此可能在一定程度上导致美国以及美国与其他发达国家之间的健康差距。迫切需要研究能够减轻监禁和监禁后时期危害的干预措施、政策和做法，特别是采用严格的实验或准实验设计的研究。
In this Series paper, we examine how mass incarceration shapes inequality in health. The USA is the world leader in incarceration, which disproportionately affects black populations. Nearly one in three black men will ever be imprisoned, and nearly half of black women currently have a family member or extended family member who is in prison. However, until recently the public health implications of mass incarceration were unclear. Most research in this area has focused on the health of current and former inmates, with findings suggesting that incarceration could produce some short-term improvements in physical health during imprisonment but has profoundly harmful effects on physical and mental health after release. The emerging literature on the family and community effects of mass incarceration points to negative health impacts on the female partners and children of incarcerated men, and raises concerns that excessive incarceration could harm entire communities and thus might partly underlie health disparities both in the USA and between the USA and other developed countries. Research into interventions, policies, and practices that could mitigate the harms of incarceration and the post-incarceration period is urgently needed, particularly studies using rigorous experimental or quasi-experimental designs.