Stress-induced declarative memory impairment in healthy elderly subjects: relationship to cortisol reactivity.
Stress-induced declarative memory impairment in healthy elderly subjects: relationship to cortisol reactivity.
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健康老年受试者压力引起的陈述性记忆障碍：与皮质醇反应性的关系。
DOI：
10.1210/jcem.82.7.4075
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Meaney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Lupien;S. Lupien;S. Gaudreau;B. Tchiteya;F. Maheu;Shakti Sharma;N. Nair;R. Hauger;B. McEwen;M. Meaney
一组14个健康的老年人受试者被提交了一项不受欢迎的（注意任务）和紧张的（公开演讲任务）条件。在每种情况之前和之后，都测量了声明性（有意识的学习信息的有意识回忆）和非确定性（无意识或明确访问的信息检索信息）以及唾液皮质醇水平。结果表明，应力条件显着降低了声明性记忆的性能，而无效状况则没有。非定位记忆性能不受任何两种条件的影响。进一步分析将受试者分为应激引起的皮质醇变化的反应者和无反应者，发现两个人群中皮质醇分泌和声明性记忆表现的模式截然不同。我们表明，响应者在实际胁迫之前60分钟提出的皮质醇水平增加，而提出的无反应者在实际压力源前25分钟提高了皮质醇水平。尽管反应者与无反应者在无反应状态之前和之后的声明性记忆性能中没有差异，但在压力状态前后测量时，他们的声明性记忆性能较低。在响应者组中观察到的皮质醇水平的早期增加表明，对压力的预期，而不是实际的压力源本身，可能在该亚组中观察到的压力引起的声明性记忆缺陷中起着更为重要的作用。总之，这些结果表明，皮质醇对预期压力的反应和/或对老年人的压力特别影响了依赖海马活性的记忆功能。他们还表明，对急性和/或慢性应激的皮质醇反应改变，其对记忆的有害影响可能是解释老年人群记忆缺陷起源的重要因素。
A group of 14 healthy elderly subjects was submitted to a nonstressful (attentional task) and a stressful (public speaking task) condition. Declarative (conscious recollection of learned information) and nondeclarative (retrieved information without conscious or explicit access) memory as well as salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after each condition. The results showed that the stressful condition significantly decreased declarative memory performance, whereas the nonstressful condition did not. Nondeclarative memory performance was not affected by either condition. Further analyses separating the subjects into responders and nonresponders in terms of stress-induced cortisol changes revealed a very different pattern of cortisol secretion and declarative memory performance in both populations. We showed that the responders presented increased cortisol levels 60 min before the actual stressor, whereas the nonresponders presented increased cortisol levels 25 min before the actual stressor. Although the responders did not differ from the nonresponders in declarative memory performance before and after the nonstressful condition, they presented a lower declarative memory performance when measured before and after the stressful condition. The early increase in cortisol levels observed in the responder group suggests that the anticipation of the stress, rather than the actual stressor per se, may have played a more significant role in the stress-induced declarative memory deficits observed in this subgroup. Together, these results show that the cortisol response to anticipation of stress and/or to stress in the elderly specifically affects those memory functions that are dependent on hippocampal activity. They also suggest that an altered cortisol responsivity to acute and/or chronic stress, with its detrimental effects on memory, could be an important factor explaining the genesis of memory deficits in aged populations.