Retail Electricity Competition
Retail Electricity Competition
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零售电力竞赛
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Tirole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Joskow;J. Tirole
我们分析了零售电力竞争的许多未研究的方面。我们首先探讨了消费者的负载分析的含义，即传统仪表不允许测量其实时消耗，而消费者则达到比例因素。通常，鉴于消费者的无价响应能力，零售竞争和负载分析的结合并不会产生第二好的价格。具体而言，竞争均衡不支持拉姆齐两部分的关税。相比之下，当消费者拥有实时仪表并根据实时价格和消费进行计费时，即使消费者只能部分响应实时价格的变化，零售竞争也会产生Ramsey价格。除非消费者拥有实时仪表并且不合理，否则更复杂的消费者异质性不会导致不利的SE1ETCENT和竞争性筛查行为。然后，我们检查了竞争零售商必须安装两种类型的高级计量设备之一的激励措施。与Ramsey Optimum相比，竞争零售商的实时投资仪表进行了投资，但是投资激励措施是最佳的负载和零售竞赛的最佳选择。最后，我们考虑物理限制对系统操作员切断个别客户的能力的影响。竞争零售商没有动力来确定他们所服务区域中消费者不中断的总价值，而是宁愿免费乘坐其他为消费者服务于同一地区的零售商。
We analyze a number of unstudied aspects of retail electricity competition. We first explore the implications of load profiling of consumers whose traditional meters do not allow for measurement of their real time consumption, when consumers are homogeneous up to a scaling factor. In general, the combination of retail competition and load profiling does not yield the second best prices given the non price responsiveness of consumers. Specifically, the competitive equilibrium does not support the Ramsey two-part tariff. By contrast, when consumers have real time meters and are billed based on real time prices and consumption, retail competition yields the Ramsey prices even when consumers can only partially respond to variations in real time prices. More complex consumer heterogeneity does not lead to adverse se1ection and competitive screening behavior unless consumers have real time meters and are not rational. We then examine the incentives competitive retailers have to install one of two types of advanced metering equipment. Competing retailers overinvest in real time meters compared to the Ramsey optimum, but the investment incentives are constrained optimal given load-profiling and retail competition. Finally, we consider the effects of physical limitations on the ability of system operators to cut off individual customers. Competing retailers have no incentive to determine the aggregate value of non-interruption of consumers in the zones they serve, preferring instead to free ride on other retailers serving consumers in the same zones.