K-core robustness in ecological and financial networks
K-core robustness in ecological and financial networks
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-59959-4
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发表时间：
2020-02-25
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Makse, Hernan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burleson-Lesser, Kate;Morone, Flaviano;Makse, Hernan A.
在许多现实世界的网络中，抵御定向或全球攻击的能力；灭绝；冲击或冲击对于网络本身以及经济（对于金融网络）甚至地球（对于生态系统）等依赖结构的生存至关重要。先前描述鲁棒性的尝试包括互惠网络的嵌套或度分布的探索。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新方法，通过研究底层网络 k 壳的分布来表征具有全正相互作用的网络的稳定性和鲁棒性。我们发现，金融和生态网络的内层和外层 k 壳中节点的高占用率以及中间壳中节点的低占用率（在 k 壳占用率直方图中产生“U 形”）提供了针对局部目标攻击和全局攻击的弹性。对这个人口密集的核心的调查可以深入了解网络的性质（例如，股票市场的核心构成从混合行业到 20 世纪 90 年代中期由一两个行业主导的急剧转变），并可以预测未来的网络稳定性，例如，通过监测生态系统中“核心”物种的数量，或注意核心主导行业中的股票何时开始同步移动，预示着未来网络的剧烈波动。 市场。此外，这种“U 形”让人想起在包括舆论和互联网在内的各种网络中看到的核心-外围结构，这表明“U 形”占用直方图及其对网络健康的影响可能确实是普遍存在的。
In many real-world networks, the ability to withstand targeted or global attacks; extinctions; or shocks is vital to the survival of the network itself, and of dependent structures such as economies (for financial networks) or even the planet (for ecosystems). Previous attempts to characterise robustness include nestedness of mutualistic networks or exploration of degree distribution. In this work we present a new approach for characterising the stability and robustness of networks with all-positive interactions by studying the distribution of the k-shell of the underlying network. We find that high occupancy of nodes in the inner and outer k-shells and low occupancy in the middle shells of financial and ecological networks (yielding a "U-shape" in a histogram of k-shell occupancy) provide resilience against both local targeted and global attacks. Investigation of this highly-populated core gives insights into the nature of a network (such as sharp transitions in the core composition of the stock market from a mix of industries to domination by one or two in the mid-1990s) and allow predictions of future network stability, e.g., by monitoring populations of "core" species in an ecosystem or noting when stocks in the core-dominant sector begin to move in lock-step, presaging a dramatic move in the market. Moreover, this "U-shape" recalls core-periphery structure, seen in a wide range of networks including opinion and internet networks, suggesting that the "U-shaped" occupancy histogram and its implications for network health may indeed be universal.