Experimental Test of the Influence of Propulsion Efficiency on Contrail Formation
Experimental Test of the Influence of Propulsion Efficiency on Contrail Formation
复制标题
推进效率对轨迹形成影响的实验测试
DOI：
10.2514/2.2715
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Plohr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. Schumann;R. Busen;M. Plohr
根据先前建立的热力学理论，预期凝尾流在阈值温度下形成，该阈值温度随着飞机推进的总效率而增加。因此，装有现代发动机的飞机具有更高的总效率，在更大的巡航高度范围内产生尾迹。为了验证这一理论，进行了一项实验，在两个不同的四发动机喷气式飞机与不同的发动机机翼飞行机翼后面观察到的尾迹形成。照片记录了一个高度范围的存在，在该高度范围内，具有高发动机效率的飞机会引起尾迹，而具有较低发动机效率的其他飞机则不会引起尾迹。当总效率为0.23和0.31，环境温度直减率为12 Kkm-1时，观测到的高度差为80 m。在温度递减率较小（6.5Kkm-1）的标准大气中，这个值会更大（200 m）。在标准大气中，总效率从0.3增加到0.5（未来飞机可能达到这一水平），将在大约700 m的低海拔处产生尾迹
According to a previously established thermodynamic theory, contrails are expected to form at a threshold temperature that increases with the overall efficiency of the aircraft propulsion. As a consequence, aircraft with modern engines, with higher overall efficiency, cause contrails over a larger range of cruise altitudes. To validate this theory, an experiment was performed in which contrail formation was observed behind two different four-engine jet aircraft with different engines flying wing by wing. Photographs document the existence of an altitude range in which the aircraft with high engine efficiency causes contrails whereas the other aircraft with lower engine efficiency causes none. For overall efficiencies of 0.23 and 0.31 and an ambient temperature lapse rate of 12 K km -1 , the observed altitude difference is 80 m. This value would be larger (200 m) in a standard atmosphere with smaller temperature lapse rate (6.5 K km -1 ) In a standard atmosphere, an increase of overall efficiency from 0.3 to 0.5, which may be reached for future aircraft, would cause contrails at about 700 m lower altitude