Multicomponent structures in camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns
Multicomponent structures in camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20927
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Sezutsu, Hideki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suzuki, Takao K.;Tomita, Shuichiro;Sezutsu, Hideki
了解形态结构是如何建立的，对于理解生物体的形态复杂性和多样性至关重要。形态结构的一个代表性例子是蝴蝶翅膀图案的伪装和模仿。一些先前的研究质疑伪装和模仿是否是真正的结构，考虑到它们依赖于颜色。然而，我们最近的研究表明，Kallima inachus蝴蝶翅膀的叶子图案是通过几种色素成分的变化以区块方式进化的;目前还不清楚这种区块结构是否在蝴蝶的伪装和模仿中常见，以及它们是如何产生的。以前的研究只集中在一组同源组件，称为nymphalid地面计划。在本研究中，我们扩展了组件描述的范围，不仅包括了若虫的平面图，还包括了其他常见的组件（即，涟漪图案、相关图案和色场）。这种扩展使我们能够分析结构的组合构建逻辑，并研究蝴蝶翅膀图案中伪装和模仿的多组分结构。我们研究了各种伪装和模仿模式（例如，masquerade，crypsis，Mullerian mimicry，Baiduian mimicry），并将它们分解成多个组件的集合。这些结构成分分析表明，蝴蝶翅膀图案的伪装和模仿是通过组合多种类型的成分建立起来的。我们还调查了组件和伪装和模仿的种类之间的关联。有几种成分在统计学上更常用于产生特定类型的伪装或模仿。因此，我们的工作提供了经验证据表明，伪装和模仿模式的蝴蝶翅膀是马赛克结构，开辟了一个新的途径，研究伪装，模仿从结构的角度。
Understanding how morphological structures are built is essential for appreciating the morphological complexity and divergence of organisms. One representative case of morphological structures is the camouflage and mimicry of butterfly wing patterns. Some previous studies have questioned whether camouflage and mimicry are truly structures, considering that they rely on coloration. Nevertheless, our recent study revealed that the leaf pattern of Kallima inachus butterfly wings evolved through the combination of changes in several pigment components in a block-wise manner; it remains unclear whether such block-wise structures are common in other cases of camouflage and mimicry in butterflies and how they come about. Previous studies focused solely on a set of homologous components, termed the nymphalid ground plan. In the present study, we extended the scope of the description of components by including not only the nymphalid ground plan but also other common components (i.e., ripple patterns, dependent patterns, and color fields). This extension allowed us to analyze the combinatorial building logic of structures and examine multicomponent structures of camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns. We investigated various patterns of camouflage and mimicry (e.g., masquerade, crypsis, Mullerian mimicry, Batesian mimicry) in nine species and decomposed them into an assembly of multiple components. These structural component analyses suggested that camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns are built up by combining multiple types of components. We also investigated associations between components and the kinds of camouflage and mimicry. Several components are statistically more often used to produce specific types of camouflage or mimicry. Thus, our work provides empirical evidence that camouflage and mimicry patterns of butterfly wings are mosaic structures, opening up a new avenue of studying camouflage, and mimicry from a structural perspective.