Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders - a systematic review of twin and sibling studies.
Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders - a systematic review of twin and sibling studies.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579420000620
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bölte S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlsson T;Molander F;Taylor MJ;Jonsson U;Bölte S
虽然神经发育障碍（NDD）具有高度遗传性，但也提出了一些环境风险因素。然而，家族混杂的作用尚不清楚。为了进一步阐明这一点，我们回顾了来自双胞胎和兄弟姐妹研究的证据。对病例对照和队列研究进行了系统回顾，包括双胞胎或兄弟姐妹对内神经发育结局的比较，环境暴露直至6岁生日。从7，315篇筛选的摘要中，识别出140篇合格文章。在校正了家族混杂因素后，父亲年龄大、出生体重低、出生缺陷、围产期缺氧和呼吸应激与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）相关，出生体重低、胎龄和家庭收入与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在分类和维度上相关。几个先前怀疑的因素，包括妊娠相关因素，被认为是由于家族性混杂。大多数研究是在北美和斯堪的纳维亚进行的，这表明了全球研究的偏见。此外，大多数研究集中在ASD和ADHD。这遗传知情的审查显示了一系列的环境因素的潜在偶然意义的NDD的证据，但也指出了一个关键需要更多的遗传知情的研究质量高，在追求的NDD的环境原因。
While neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are highly heritable, several environmental risk factors have also been suggested. However, the role of familial confounding is unclear. To shed more light on this, we reviewed the evidence from twin and sibling studies. A systematic review was performed on case control and cohort studies including a twin or sibling within-pair comparison of neurodevelopmental outcomes, with environmental exposures until the sixth birthday. From 7,315 screened abstracts, 140 eligible articles were identified. After adjustment for familial confounding advanced paternal age, low birth weight, birth defects, and perinatal hypoxia and respiratory stress were associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and low birth weight, gestational age and family income were associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), categorically and dimensionally. Several previously suspected factors, including pregnancy-related factors, were deemed due to familial confounding. Most studies were conducted in North America and Scandinavia, pointing to a global research bias. Moreover, most studies focused on ASD and ADHD. This genetically informed review showed evidence for a range of environmental factors of potential casual significance in NDDs, but also points to a critical need of more genetically informed studies of good quality in the quest of the environmental causes of NDDs.