Bidirectional Shaping and Spaces of Convergence
Bidirectional Shaping and Spaces of Convergence
复制标题
双向整形和收敛空间
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Miguel García
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter A. Chow;Miguel García
本文提出了一种新的双向理解生物学和计算的融合。它主张生物学和计算机已经形成并正在重塑彼此的相互作用。在这样做的过程中，我们限定了自然婚姻和生物学数字化塑造的观点，这在科学家，STS和传播学者撰写的文献中很常见。DNA数据库是这种互动的中心。我们认为，DNA数据库是计算和生物学的融合空间，从20世纪60年代到2000年代，其形式、意义和功能都发生了变化。文章的第一部分展示了在20世纪80年代，DNA测序如何从被动地结合计算机转向越来越多地以数字编码和解码为模型。在第一个序列存储数据库中，根据DNA的特性改变了信息检索算法。文章的第二部分探讨了这些相互作用和全球化对研究中心的组织、开展大科学的方式和科学价值观的影响。通过融合和数据挖掘等新技术，生物学和计算在技术上、制度上和文化上都转变为一个新的生物数据企业，称为基因组学。
This article proposes a new bi-directional way of understanding the convergence of biology and computing. It argues for a reciprocal interaction in which biology and computing have shaped and are currently reshaping each other. In so doing, we qualify both the view of a natural marriage and of a digital shaping of biology, which are common in the literature written by scientists, STS, and communication scholars. The DNA database is at the center of this interaction. We argue that DNA databases are spaces of convergence for computing and biology that change in form, meaning, and function from the 1960s to the 2000s. The first part of the article shows how, in the 1980s, DNA sequencing shifted from passively incorporating computers to be increasingly modeled in digital coding and decoding. Information retrieval algorithms, reciprocally, were altered according to the peculiarities of DNA in the first sequence-storage databases. The second part of the article investigates the impact of these reciprocal interactions and globalization on the organization of research centers, ways of conducting big science, and scientific values. Through convergence and new technologies such as data mining, biology and computing were transformed technologically, institutionally, and culturally into a new bio-data enterprise called genomics.