Effects of aging and musical experience on the representation of tonal hierarchies.
Effects of aging and musical experience on the representation of tonal hierarchies.
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年龄和音乐经验对音调层次表征的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.11.2.235
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dowling,WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halpern,AR;Kwak,S;Bartlett,JC;Dowling,WJ
两个实验探讨了老年（60至80岁）和年轻（15至22岁）音乐家和非音乐家在西方音乐中音调等级的表现。采用探音技术：从大调三和弦中选出4个音符，然后从半音音阶的12个音符中选出1个音符。尽管音乐家比非音乐家对音调层次有更好的感觉，但老年人在根据音乐原则区分音符方面并不比年轻人差。然而，老年人比年轻人更倾向于根据频率接近度（音高）对音符进行分类，当接近度变得更加突出时，非音乐家与音乐家相比也是如此。对于音高不明确的音符，音高效应在老年人中消失，但在非音乐家中却没有。老年人似乎已经内化了音调结构，但他们有时无法抑制与音乐不太相关的信息。
Two experiments explored the representation of the tonal hierarchy in Western music among older (aged 60 to 80) and younger (aged 15 to 22) musicians and nonmusicians. A probe tone technique was used: 4 notes from the major triad were presented, followed by 1 note chosen from the 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Whereas musicians had a better sense of the tonal hierarchy than nonmusicians, older adults were no worse than younger adults in differentiating the notes according to musical principles. However, older adults were more prone than younger adults to classify the notes by frequency proximity (pitch height) when proximity was made more salient, as were nonmusicians compared with musicians. With notes having ambiguous pitch height, pitch height effects disappeared among older adults but not nonmusicians. Older adults seem to have internalized tonal structure, but they sometimes fail to inhibit less musically relevant information.