ACE2 Cell Biology, Regulation, and Physiological Functions
ACE2 Cell Biology, Regulation, and Physiological Functions
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-801364-9.00025-0
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发表时间：
2015-04-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Turner AJ
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文献类型：
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作者：
Turner AJ
血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2）是ACE的同源物，作为ACE的生理平衡物，提供循环血管紧张素II（Ang II）水平的稳态调节。ACE2是一种锌金属酶和羧肽酶，作为胞外酶位于内皮细胞和其他细胞表面。虽然它的主要底物似乎是Ang II，但它可以水解许多其他生理底物。此外，ACE2还发挥其他非催化细胞作用，包括调节肠中性氨基酸转运。它也偶然成为严重急性呼吸系统综合症病毒的受体。ACE2表达和功能的上调越来越被认为是高血压和心血管疾病、糖尿病、肺损伤和纤维化疾病的潜在治疗策略。ACE 2通过从细胞表面脱落而在多个水平上受到调节，包括转录、转录后（miRNA和表观遗传）和翻译后水平。
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), discovered as a homologue of ACE, acts as its physiological counterbalance providing homeostatic regulation of circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. ACE2 is a zinc metalloenzyme and carboxypeptidase located as an ectoenzyme on the surface of endothelial and other cells. While its primary substrate appears to be Ang II, it can hydrolyze a number of other physiological substrates. Additionally, ACE2 functions in other noncatalytic cellular roles including the regulation of intestinal neutral amino acid transport. It also serendipitously acts as the receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. Upregulation of ACE2 expression and function is increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy in hypertension and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung injury, and fibrotic disorders. ACE2 is regulated at multiple levels including transcriptional, posttranscriptional (miRNA and epigenetic), and posttranslational through its shedding from the cell surface.