Early Maastrichtian benthos of the chalk at Kronsmoor, northern Germany: implications for Late Cretaceous environmental change

Early Maastrichtian benthos of the chalk at Kronsmoor, northern Germany: implications for Late Cretaceous environmental change
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德国北部克朗斯莫尔的早期马斯特里赫特白垩底栖生物:对白垩纪晚期环境变化的影响

DOI:
10.1007/s12549-017-0283-2
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Wilmsen
Wilmsen
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Engelke;Linnert;Mutterlose;Wilmsen

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在Kronsmoor(北方德国)附近的Saturn采石场,对马斯特里赫特阶下部地层(钝Belemnella obtusa和下-中Belemnella sumensisecepod生物带)进行了详细的记录和取样(33个大样本,每个约6公斤),用于对底栖动物进行高分辨率定量古生态分析。在标准化制备后,考虑了500微米至1毫米和>1毫米的粒度级,记录了苔藓虫、腕足动物、双壳类、各种海胆分类群、小行星、蛇尾类、海百合、海绵、小型sabellids和serpulids、蔓足类和有孔虫的多样底栖生物组合。一个普遍的,逐渐上升的部分,在丰富的底栖动物被确认。此外,从下到上部分的部分,表层动物悬食性动物变得更加占主导地位的移动的行会(表层动物和浅层动物)的数量减少。这些观察平行的结果,从低分辨率的宏体化石分析,记录了一个贫穷的低和丰富的上组合,后者显然占主导地位的epifaunal悬浮饲料的这段时间。Kronsmoor底栖生物群落残遗的古生态数据表明,在早期马斯特里赫特时期,营养物质的可用性增加。然而,在没有任何证据表明上覆透光带(钙质超微化石数据)的生产力增加的情况下,必须考虑到营养丰富的沃茨横向输入(上涌)到大陆架上,为海底生态系统提供燃料。这一观点得到了最新的白垩纪海洋环流的同期变化记录的支持,这些变化发生在最新的坎帕尼亚冷却事件之后,包括从高纬度向南传播的中等深度的沃茨。
Lower Maastrichtian strata (Belemnella obtusaand lower–middleBelemnella sumensiscephalopod biozones) at the Saturn quarry near Kronsmoor (northern Germany) were logged and sampled in detail (33 bulk samples of about 6 kg each) for high-resolution quantitative palaeoecological analysis of the benthic fauna. Following standardised preparation, the size fractions 500 μm–1 mm and >1 mm were considered, documenting a diverse benthic assemblage of bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, various echinoid taxa, asteroids, ophiuroids, crinoids, sponges, small-sized sabellids and serpulids, cirripedes and foraminifera. A general, gradual up-section increase in the abundance of benthic faunas was recognised. Furthermore, from the lower to the upper part of the section, epifaunal suspension feeders became more dominant as the mobile guilds (epifaunal and shallow infaunal) saw a reduction in numbers. These observations parallel results obtained from low-resolution macrofossil analyses of this interval that documented an impoverished lower and a rich upper assemblage, the latter clearly dominated by epifaunal suspension feeders. Palaeoecological data of benthic community relicts at Kronsmoor are indicative of increased nutrient availability during the early Maastrichtian. However, in the absence of any evidence of increased productivity in the overlying photic zone (calcareous nannofossil data), a lateral input (upwelling) of nutrient-rich waters onto the shelf to fuel the benthic ecosystem has to be considered. This view is supported by records of contemporaneous changes in latest Cretaceous ocean circulation that followed the latest Campanian cooling event, inclusive of a southward spread of waters of intermediate depth from high latitudes.
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