A retrospective study of PBDEs and PCBs in human milk from the Faroe Islands.
A retrospective study of PBDEs and PCBs in human milk from the Faroe Islands.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-4-12
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发表时间：
2005-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bergman A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fängström B;Strid A;Grandjean P;Weihe P;Bergman A
野生动物和人类体内的持久性有机污染物（POP）仍然是全球关注的一个问题，无论是传统的POP，如多氯联苯（PCB），还是新出现的POP，如多溴联苯醚（PBDE）。为了确定与时间相关的浓度，我们在1987年至1999年的三个时间点分析了母乳中的这些物质。多氯联苯代谢物的主要类别多氯联苯（OH-PCBs）也被纳入评估，其中一些已知会强烈保留在人体血液中。我们从法罗群岛获得了牛奶，那里的人口从他们的传统饮食（可能包括领航鲸鲸脂）中暴露于持久性有机污染物。除3份样本池外，还分析了最后一个时间点的9份个体样本。在净化、中性和酸性化合物的分配以及化学类别的分离之后，通过气相色谱法和/或气相色谱/质谱法进行分析。与其他欧洲人群相比，母乳中的多氯联苯浓度较高，1987年的总浓度为2300纳克/克脂肪，1994年为1600纳克/克脂肪，1999年为1800纳克/克脂肪（基于11种主要多氯联苯同系物的总和）。9个单独的样本显示PCB浓度差异很大。OH-多氯联苯仅以痕量存在，约占多氯联苯浓度的1%。多溴二苯醚的浓度随着时间的推移明显增加，自1999年以来，其在母乳中的浓度是欧洲迄今为止报告的最高浓度之一，单个样本的结果为4.7至13纳克/克脂肪。多溴联苯醚的浓度随着时间的推移而增加。OH-PCB代谢物很少转移到母乳中，这可能与其酸性特征有关。
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans remain a cause of global concern, both in regard to traditional POPs, such as the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and emerging POPs, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To determine the time related concentrations, we analyzed human milk for these substances at three time points between 1987 and 1999. Polychlorobiphenylols (OH-PCBs), the dominating class of PCB metabolites, some of which are known to be strongly retained in human blood, were also included in the assessment. We obtained milk from the Faroe Islands, where the population is exposed to POPs from their traditional diet (which may include pilot whale blubber). In addition to three pools, nine individual samples from the last time point were also analyzed. After cleanup, partitioning of neutral and acidic compounds, and separation of chemical classes, the analyses were carried out by gas chromatography and/or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compared to other European populations, the human milk had high PCB concentrations, with pool concentrations of 2300 ng/g fat 1987, 1600 ng/g fat in 1994, and 1800 ng/g fat in 1999 (based on the sum of eleven major PCB congeners). The nine individual samples showed great variation in PCB concentrations. The OH-PCBs were present in trace amounts only, at levels of approximately 1% of the PCB concentrations. The PBDE concentrations showed a clear increase over time, and their concentrations in human milk from 1999 are among the highest reported so far from Europe, with results of individual samples ranging from 4.7 to 13 ng/g fat Although remote from pollution sources, the Faroe Islands show high concentrations of POPs in human milk, particularly PCBs, but also PBDEs. The PBDEs show increasing concentrations over time. The OH-PCB metabolites are poorly transferred to human milk, which likely is related to their acidic character.