Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes
Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes
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DOI：
10.1111/add.13183
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Benowitz, Neal L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helen, Gideon St.;Havel, Christopher;Benowitz, Neal L.
目的测定电子烟（e-cigarette）使用者体内尼古丁、丙二醇（propylene glycol，PG）和植物甘油（vegetable glycerin，VG）的系统滞留量，并通过尼古丁的药代动力学特征评估电子烟的滥用倾向。受试者从他们常用品牌的电子烟中吸了15口。呼出的气体被困在洗气瓶中，使用前和使用后多次采集血液样本。设置美国加州弗朗西斯科。（6名女性和7名男性）。测量通过气相色谱-质谱法分析血浆尼古丁（GC-MS/MS）和尼古丁，采用LC-MS/MS分析了电子烟液和气体捕集器中的VG和PG。评估了心率变化和主观影响。（0.87-1.79）mg [平均值和95%置信区间（CI）]尼古丁，93.8%的吸入剂量，1.22（0.80-1.66）被全身保留。平均最大血浆尼古丁浓度（C-max）为8.4（5.4-11.5）ng/ml，达峰时间（T-max）为2-5分钟。一名参与者的Tmax为30分钟。VG和PG的全身保留率分别为84.4%和91.7%。5 min后心率平均增加8.0次/min。撤回和吸烟的冲动减少和电子香烟被描述为satisfactory.ConclusionsE-cigarettes可以提供尼古丁的水平，相当于或高于典型的烟草香烟，具有类似的全身保留。尽管有经验的电子烟使用者的平均最大血浆尼古丁浓度似乎普遍低于烟草卷烟使用报告的浓度，但药代动力学曲线的形状相似，表明有成瘾潜力。
AimsTo measure the systemic retention of nicotine, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users, and assess the abuse liability of e-cigarettes by characterizing nicotine pharmacokinetics.DesignE-cigarette users recruited over the internet participated in a 1-day research ward study. Subjects took 15 puffs from their usual brand of e-cigarette. Exhaled breath was trapped in gas-washing bottles and blood was sampled before and several times after use.SettingSan Francisco, California, USA.ParticipantsThirteen healthy, experienced adult e-cigarette users (six females and seven males).MeasurementsPlasma nicotine was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and nicotine, VG and PG in e-liquids and gas traps were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Heart rate changes and subjective effects were assessed.FindingsE-cigarettes delivered an average of 1.33 (0.87-1.79) mg [mean and 95% confidence interval (CI)] of nicotine, and 93.8% of the inhaled dose, 1.22 (0.80-1.66) was systemically retained. Average maximum plasma nicotine concentration (C-max) was 8.4 (5.4-11.5) ng/ml and time of maximal concentration (T-max) was 2-5 minutes. One participant had T-max of 30minutes. 84.4% and 91.7% of VG and PG, respectively, was systemically retained. Heart rate increased by an average of 8.0 beats per minute after 5minutes. Withdrawal and urge to smoke decreased and the e-cigarettes were described as satisfying.ConclusionsE-cigarettes can deliver levels of nicotine that are comparable to or higher than typical tobacco cigarettes, with similar systemic retention. Although the average maximum plasma nicotine concentration in experienced e-cigarette users appears to be generally lower than what has been reported from tobacco cigarette use, the shape of the pharmacokinetic curve is similar, suggesting addictive potential.