Hoplitolyda duolunica gen. et sp. nov. (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Praesiricidae), the Hitherto largest sawfly from the Mesozoic of China.
Hoplitolyda duolunica gen. et sp. nov. (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Praesiricidae), the Hitherto largest sawfly from the Mesozoic of China.
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多伦甲螟属
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0062420
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ren D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao T;Shih C;Rasnitsyn AP;Ren D
一般来说，昆虫的大体型增强了其捕食、竞争和防御能力，从而提高了生存能力和繁殖能力。大部分是植食性或寄生性的，具有相对较小至中等的身体尺寸，通常体长在50.0 mm以下。本文描述了双突胸叶蜂Hoplitolydaduolunica gen.et sp. nov.，该化石产于中国早白垩世义县组，属Praesiricidae。该新种体长>55.0 mm，翼展>92.0 mm，是迄今为止发现的最大的斑翅目化石。duolunica是，据我们所知，唯一的叶蜂与Sc目前在后翅，但不是在前翅。它的Rs 1和M1以145°角相遇，代表了从“Y”到“T”形状过渡的中间体。即使Hoplitolyda显着不同于所有以前描述的属在两个亚科的Praesricidae，我们离开新的属未放置在现有的亚科，待发现的材料与更多的分类结构。 Hoplitolyda有许多独特而有趣的特征，这些特征可能有利于它的竞争，生存和繁殖：体型和头部较大，具有坚固而强壮的下颌骨，用于防御和/或性选择，独特的翅脉和刚毛排列，用于飞行能力和机动性，身体和腿上浓密的毛发，用于感知和保护等。考虑到有羽毛恐龙、翼龙、鸟类、与哺乳动物共存于同一个生态系统中，Hoplitolyda是一个有趣的“适者生存”的进化挑战。
Large body size of an insect, in general, enhances its capability of predation, competition, and defense, resulting in better survivability and reproduction. Hymenopterans, most being phytophagous or parasitic, have a relatively small to medium body size, typically under 50.0 mm in body length. Herein, we describe Hoplitolyda duolunica gen. et sp. nov., assigned to Praesiricidae, from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. This new species is the largest fossil hymenopteran hitherto with body estimated >55.0 mm long and wing span >92.0 mm. H. duolunica is, to our knowledge, the only sawfly with Sc present in the hind wing but not in the forewing. Its Rs1 and M1 meeting each other at 145° angle represents an intermediate in the transition from “Y” to “T” shapes. Even though Hoplitolyda differs significantly from all previously described genera in two subfamilies of Praesricidae, we leave the new genus unplaced in existing subfamilies, pending discovery of material with more taxonomic structure. Hoplitolyda has many unique and interesting characters which might have benefitted its competition, survival, and reproduction: large body size and head with robust and strong mandibles for defense and/or sexual selection, unique wing venation and setal arrangements for flight capability and mobility, dense hairs on body and legs for sensing and protection, etc. Considering the reported ferocious predators of feathered dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, and mammals coexisting in the same eco-system, Hoplitolyda is an interesting case of “survival of the fittest” in facing its evolutionary challenges.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
McNab, BK;Armstrong, MI
通讯作者：
Armstrong, MI
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Swisher, CC;Wang, YQ;Wang, Y
通讯作者：
Wang, Y
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1106556108
发表时间：
2011-08-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Callier, Viviane;Nijhout, H. Frederik
通讯作者：
Nijhout, H. Frederik
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Hu, YM;Meng, J;Li, CK
通讯作者：
Li, CK
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.;Zhang, Haichun;Wang, Bo
通讯作者：
Wang, Bo