DNA mini-barcodes in taxonomic assignment: a morphologically unique new homoneurous moth clade from the Indian Himalayas described in Micropterix (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)
DNA mini-barcodes in taxonomic assignment: a morphologically unique new homoneurous moth clade from the Indian Himalayas described in Micropterix (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00447.x
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kristensen, Niels P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lees, David C.;Rougerie, Rodolphe;Kristensen, Niels P.
首次在喜马拉雅山脉记录到的小翼蛾，Micropterix cornuella sp.N.和长角微翼蕨属Micropterix Longicornuella sp.N.(分别于1935年和1874年在印度东北部的阿鲁纳切尔邦和大吉岭采集)构成了一个新的支系，这在该家族中是独一无二的，因为女性后腹部的显著特化：第八号腹板形成一个连续的硬化环，第九节承载一对强烈硬化的侧腹板，每个侧腹板都有一个突出的角状后突。前翅脉R未分叉，所有的Rs脉顶端；后翅没有离生的脉R。两个第一提到的脉特征的组合暗示了与大的古北界属Micropterix的密切亲缘关系(新支系的成员在表面上与一些种有很大的相似之处)。虽然后翅R的缺失在该属中是未知的，但这种专门化与新支系在其内部的从属关系并不矛盾。我从这两个75年前的标本中成功地扩增出一段136bp的细胞色素氧化酶片段，有力地支持了这一类属归属。翻译成氨基酸后，这个DNA片段对该属具有高度的诊断性，与大多数(这里比较研究的26个种中的16个)微翅目昆虫的DNA相同，1-4个密码子不同于其他9个物种(包括在系统发育分析中我们推断与其他被研究物种是姐妹种的微翅目昆虫)，而7-15个密码子不同于这里研究的其他双翅目昆虫属。一项测年分析还表明，不包括沃克氏支原体在内的大支系出现在3100万年前。这些发现鼓励人们在喜马拉雅地区发现微翼鸟的显著辐射。我们的分析对于在博物馆标本等无法恢复完整DNA条形码的情况下，测试将DNA微型条形码分配给分类单元具有更广泛的意义。
The first micropterigid moths recorded from the Himalayas, Micropterix cornuella sp. n. and Micropterix longicornuella sp. n. (collected, respectively, in 1935 in the Arunachel Pradesh Province and in 1874 in Darjeeling, both Northeastern India) constitute a new clade, which is unique within the family because of striking specializations of the female postabdomen: tergum VIII ventral plate forming a continuous sclerotized ring, segment IX bearing a pair of strongly sclerotized lateroventral plates, each with a prominent horn-like posterior process. Fore wing vein R unforked, all Rs veins preapical; hind wing devoid of a discrete vein R. The combination of the two first-mentioned vein characters suggests close affinity to the large Palearctic genus Micropterix (to some species of which the members of the new clade bear strong superficial resemblance). Whilst absence of the hind wing R is unknown in that genus, this specialization is not incompatible with the new clade being subordinate within it. A 136-bp fragment of Cytochrome oxidase I successfully amplified from both of the 75-year-old specimens strongly supports this generic assignment. Translated to amino acids, this DNA fragment is highly diagnostic of this genus, being identical to that of most (16 of the 26) Micropterix species studied comparatively here, 1-4 codons different from nine other species (including Micropterix wockei that in phylogenetic analyses we infer to be sister to other examined species), whilst 7-15 codons different to other amphiesmenopteran genera examined here. A dating analysis also suggests that the large clade excluding M. wockei to which M. cornuella belongs appeared < 31 million years ago. These findings encourage discovery of a significant radiation of Micropterix in the Himalayan region. Our analysis has more general implications for testing the assignment of DNA mini-barcodes to a taxon, in cases such as museum specimens where the full DNA barcode cannot be recovered.