A survey of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera in the Indian subcontinent
A survey of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera in the Indian subcontinent
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007485300039298
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
DeSouza, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armes, NJ;Jadhav, DR;DeSouza, KR
1991 ~ 1995年在印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦采集了棉铃虫幼虫，建立了98个实验室培养体系。将氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、硫丹、喹硫磷、久效磷和灭多威杀虫剂局部施用于30-40毫克的实验室第一代幼虫，并通过对数剂量概率单位生物测定法确定抗药性。在所有田间菌株中均发现了氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的显著抗性水平，表明对至少某些拟除虫菊酯的抗性现在在H.在印度次大陆的棉铃虫种群;氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的抗性水平分别为5至6500倍和16至3200倍。在印度中部和南部的棉花和豆类密集种植区，对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性水平最高，在那里，过度使用杀虫剂是常见的。在所有测定的田间菌株中，用代谢性的胡椒基丁醚（pbo）预处理，导致拟除虫菊酯抗性的显著抑制。然而，在几乎所有的情况下，都没有实现对耐药性的完全抑制。这种残留的非pbo抑制性抵抗很可能是由于神经不敏感性抵抗机制造成的。对PbO不敏感的抗性在印度的棉花和豆类作物经常使用杀虫剂的地区最高。在杀虫剂严重滥用的一些地区，可能存在第二种高级神经不敏感机制（可能是超级Kdr型机制）。印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦各地都出现了初期硫丹抗药性（1-28倍）。据报告，在印度和巴基斯坦，对硫代磷酸酯类有机磷酸盐（喹硫磷）有低至中等程度的抗药性（2-59倍），但在1993年至1994年期间，根据我们的生物测定条件，没有证据表明对磷酸盐类有机磷酸盐（久效磷）有显著的抗药性（0.4-3倍）。H. 1993年和1994年在尼泊尔收集的棉铃虫菌株对喹硫磷敏感，但到1995年，检测到4-5倍的抗药性。在印度次大陆，对拟除虫菊酯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂的抗性很可能是由于遗传或诱导的多功能氧化酶复合体。在杀虫剂选择压力较大的地区和季节，非pbo抑制抗性变得显著。棉铃虫幼虫对棉花和豆类作物的危害非常高。
Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) larvae were collected from field crops and wild hosts in India, Nepal and Pakistan from 1991 to 1995, and ninety eight laboratory cultures established. Cypermethrin, fenvalerate, endosulfan, quinalphos, monocrotophos and methomyl insecticides were topically applied to 30-40 mg, first laboratory generation larvae and resistance determined from log dose probit bioassays. Significant levels of cypermethrin and fenvalerate resistance were found in all field strains, demonstrating that resistance to at least some pyrethroids is now ubiquitous in H. armigera populations in the Indian subcontinent; cypermethrin and fenvalerate resistance levels ranged from 5- to 6500-fold and 16- to 3200-fold respectively. Pyrethroid resistance levels were highest in the intensive cotton and pulse growing regions of central and southern India where excessive application of insecticide is common. In all field strains assayed, pre-treatment with the metabolic synergist piperonyl butoxide (pbo), resulted in significant suppression of pyrethroid resistance. However, in nearly all cases, full suppression of resistance was not achieved. This residual non-pbo-suppressible resistance was most likely due to a nerve-insensitivity resistance mechanism. Pbo-insensitive resistance was highest in regions of India where insecticides were frequently applied to cotton and legume crops. In some regions where insecticides were heavily overused, a second high order nerve-insensitivity mechanism (possibly a Super-Kdr type mechanism), may have been present. Incipient endosulfan resistance (1-28-fold), was present throughout India, Nepal and Pakistan. Low to moderate levels of resistance (2-59-fold), were reported to the phosphorothionate group organophosphate, quinalphos, in India and Pakistan, but there was no evidence of significant resistance (0.4-3-fold), to the phosphate group organophosphate, monocrotophos, under our bioassay conditions between 1993 and 1994. H. armigera strains collected in Nepal in 1993 and 1994 were susceptible to quinalphos, but by 1995, 4-5-fold resistance was detected. It is probable that much of the resistance to pyrethroid, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the Indian subcontinent can be attributed to an inherited or inducible mixed function oxidase complex. Non-pbo-suppressible resistance becomes significant in regions and periods in the season when insecticide selection pressure on resistant H. armigera larvae on cotton and legume crops is very high.