The role of redundant information in cultural transmission and cultural stabilization.
The role of redundant information in cultural transmission and cultural stabilization.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0040094
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tennie C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Acerbi A;Tennie C
冗余复制被认为是一种实现高保真的方式，以在人类文化传播中传递和保留复杂的特征。至少有两种方法可以定义冗余复制。一种是指随着时间的推移重复复制同一性状的可能性，另一种是指在一次复制事件中利用指向同一性状的多层信息的能力。使用基于个体的模型，我们探索冗余复制(定义为后一种方式)如何帮助实现成功的传播。作者们指出，增加冗余复制增加了准确传递一种行为的可能性，而不是随着时间的推移增加复制的次数，也不是提高社交学习的总体准确性。他们还研究了不同的成本函数如何影响冗余复制的进化，例如，由于需要在认知加工上投入更多精力而产生的成本函数。作者表明，种群要么收敛到高适应度/高成本状态(具有高冗余复制和复杂的文化传播行为；类似于人类文化)，要么收敛到低适应度/低成本状态(具有低冗余复制和简单传播行为；类似于非人类动物典型的社会学习形式)。这一结果可能有助于解释为什么累积培养在动物界很少见。
Redundant copying has been proposed as a manner to achieve the high-fidelity necessary to pass on and preserve complex traits in human cultural transmission. There are at least 2 ways to define redundant copying. One refers to the possibility of copying repeatedly the same trait over time, and another to the ability to exploit multiple layers of information pointing to the same trait during a single copying event. Using an individual-based model, we explore how redundant copying (defined as in the latter way) helps to achieve successful transmission. The authors show that increasing redundant copying increases the likelihood of accurately transmitting a behavior more than either augmenting the number of copying occasions across time or boosting the general accuracy of social learning. They also investigate how different cost functions, deriving, for example, from the need to invest more energy in cognitive processing, impact the evolution of redundant copying. The authors show that populations converge either to high-fitness/high-costs states (with high redundant copying and complex culturally transmitted behaviors; resembling human culture) or to low-fitness/low-costs states (with low redundant copying and simple transmitted behaviors; resembling social learning forms typical of nonhuman animals). This outcome may help to explain why cumulative culture is rare in the animal kingdom.