Utilization of Mobility Data in the Fight Against COVID-19.
Utilization of Mobility Data in the Fight Against COVID-19.
复制标题
在与COVID-19的斗争中利用移动性数据。
DOI：
10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.003
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bydon M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kurian SJ;Bhatti AUR;Ting HH;Storlie C;Shah N;Bydon M
随着 2019 年冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 大流行的不断发展，评估居家行政命令和个人社会行为的影响至关重要。尽管居家令和社交距离成功地“拉平了曲线”，但各州正在放松这些行政命令，企业也开始重新开业。 1 企业重新开业对社会流动性和 COVID-19 感染传播的影响尚不确定，并且有可能出现 COVID-19 病例的第二次激增。由于只有不到 5% 的人口血清学呈阳性，表明之前曾感染过病毒，并且需要 12 至 18 个月后才能部署有效疫苗，因此，包括保持社交距离、戴口罩和保持手部卫生等个人行为仍然是预防感染传播的支柱。通过分析社交流动性数据，研究人员可以实时评估室外或室内环境中社交流动性的变化是否会影响 COVID-19 感染的传播。许多团体已公开社交流动性数据，以便研究社交流动性变化的影响。目前共享移动数据的四个主要组织是谷歌、苹果、Facebook 和 Unacast。 2、3、4、5 谷歌通过其谷歌地图应用程序收集移动信息，然后汇总和报告这些信息，但不包含可识别信息。他们根据环境类型对流动性进行分类，包括零售和娱乐、杂货店、药店、公园、公交站、工作场所和住宅。 2 Apple 遵循类似的模式来报告通过 Apple 地图收集的数据。然而，他们报告基于交通方式的移动数据，包括步行、驾驶和公共交通。 3 Facebook 通过 COVID-19 移动数据网络与其他组织合作，并允许该网络中的合作者利用其移动数据。 Facebook 根据 2 月份的基线报告运动趋势，并根据原始人口基线告知研究人员特定地区的人们选择呆在家里或旅行的频率。 4 另一方面，Unacast 的独特之处在于它们提供来自各种合作伙伴应用程序的已编译移动数据。他们的合作应用程序具有消费者在使用该应用程序时选择使用的 GPS 功能，并且对来自这些不同来源的移动数据进行编译和分析，以创建一个通用数据集。 Unacast 提供的另一个独特功能是邻近数据，它报告每平方公里 2 个设备之间的近距离接触。该测量结果被报告为冠状病毒前基线的一部分。 5 如前所述，所有这 4 个组织都提供了不同形式的出行数据，这些数据有可能被组合起来并用作跟踪 COVID-19 干预措施的有效性和检测新热点的强大工具。
As the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to evolve, evaluating the impact of stay-at-home executive orders and individual social behaviors are paramount. Although stay-at-home orders and social distancing have successfully “flattened the curve,” states are relaxing these executive orders and businesses are beginning to reopen. 1 The impact of businesses reopening on social mobility and COVID-19 infection spread are uncertain, and there is a possibility that a second spike in COVID-19 cases will occur. With less than 5% of our population with a positive serology indicating prior infection and deployment of an effective vaccine 12 to 18 months away, individual behaviors including social distancing, face masks, and hand hygiene remain the pillars for prevention of spread of infection. By analyzing social mobility data, researchers can evaluate if changing social mobility in outdoor or indoor settings influences COVID-19 infection spread in real time.Social mobility data have been made publicly available by a number of groups to enable research on the impact of changes in social mobility. Four major organizations currently sharing their mobility data are Google, Apple, Facebook, and Unacast. 2, 3, 4, 5 Google collects mobility information through its Google Maps app and then aggregates and reports the information with no identifiable information. They break down mobility based on the type of environment, which includes retail and recreation, grocery, pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential. 2 Apple follows a similar pattern of reporting data collected through Apple Maps. They, however, report mobility data based on transportation modality, which includes walking, driving, and transit. 3 Facebook has partnered with other organizations via the COVID-19 Mobility Data Network and allows collaborators in this network to utilize their mobility data. Facebook reports movement trends based on baselines from February and informs researchers how often people in specific regions choose to either stay at home or travel based on their original population baselines. 4 Unacast, on the other hand, is unique in that they provide compiled mobility data from various partner applications. Their partnered apps have GPS functions that consumers opt into when using the app, and the mobility data from these various sources is compiled and analyzed to create one generalized data set. Another unique feature Unacast offers is proximity data, which reports close encounters between 2 devices per square kilometer. This measurement is reported as a fraction of precoronavirus baseline. 5 As outlined, all 4 of these organizations provide different variations of mobility data that could potentially be combined and used as a powerful tool to track the efficacy of COVID-19 interventions and detect new hot spots.