Neighborhoods and adolescent health-risk behavior: An ecological network approach
Neighborhoods and adolescent health-risk behavior: An ecological network approach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.028
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Jackson, Aubrey L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Browning, Christopher R.;Soller, Brian;Jackson, Aubrey L.
本研究整合了社会网络分析、活动空间视角、城市与空间过程理论的见解，提出了一种研究邻里关系对青少年健康风险行为影响的新方法。我们建议将邻里居民的非家庭日常活动的空间模式概念化为生态网络或“生态”网络，这是一种通过日常活动的社会空间重叠间接联系居民的双模式网络。我们进一步论证了生态网络的结构配置对青少年行为健康的影响。在这项研究中，我们关注生态网络的一个关键结构特征——家庭二人共享两个或多个活动地点的社区水平程度，或生态网络强化——及其与健康风险行为、物质使用和犯罪/性活动两个维度的关联。利用来自洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查（L.A.FANS）的受访者的非家庭日常活动地点的地理数据，我们通过将抽样家庭与“活动集群”连接起来，构建了社区特定的生态网络，“活动集群”是一组空间上接近的活动地点。然后，我们测量了生态网络强化，并利用65个人口普查区的830名年龄在12-17岁的青少年样本，检查了其与青少年健康风险行为维度的关联。我们还研究了社区层面的社会过程（集体效能和代际封闭）是否介导了生态网络强化与所考虑的结果之间的关联。结果表明，生态网络强化与物质使用和犯罪/性行为量表均呈显著负相关。潜在的中介变量不能解释生态网络强化效应。除了引入一种新的理论和经验方法来研究社区对青少年的影响外，我们的研究结果还强调了交叉传统惯例对青少年行为健康的重要性。(C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
This study integrates insights from social network analysis, activity space perspectives, and theories of urban and spatial processes to present an novel approach to neighborhood effects on health-risk behavior among youth. We suggest spatial patterns of neighborhood residents' non-home routines may be conceptualized as ecological, or "eco"-networks, which are two-mode networks that indirectly link residents through socio-spatial overlap in routine activities. We further argue structural configurations of eco-networks are consequential for youth's behavioral health. In this study we focus on a key structural feature of eco-networks - the neighborhood-level extent to which household dyads share two or more activity locations, or eco-network reinforcement - and its association with two dimensions of health-risk behavior, substance use and delinquency/sexual activity. Using geographic data on non-home routine activity locations among respondents from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS), we constructed neighborhood-specific eco-networks by connecting sampled households to "activity clusters," which are sets of spatially-proximate activity locations. We then measured eco-network reinforcement and examined its association with dimensions of adolescent health risk behavior employing a sample of 830 youth ages 12-17 nested in 65 census tracts. We also examined whether neighborhood-level social processes (collective efficacy and intergenerational closure) mediate the association between eco-network reinforcement and the outcomes considered. Results indicated eco-network reinforcement exhibits robust negative associations with both substance use and delinquency/sexual activity scales. Eco-network reinforcement effects were not explained by potential mediating variables. In addition to introducing a novel theoretical and empirical approach to neighborhood effects on youth, our findings highlight the importance of intersecting conventional routines for adolescent behavioral health. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.