Exposures and effects in the marine environment after the Fukushima accident
Exposures and effects in the marine environment after the Fukushima accident
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DOI：
10.1177/0146645315576099
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Batlle, J. Vives i
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Batlle, J. Vives i
对福岛第一核电站附近海洋生物群在事故发生后即刻和随后期间的辐射剂量进行了估算。利用监测数据进行的剂量估算得到了动态转移建模的补充，改进了更传统的平衡转移方法。早先使用平衡转移模型进行的评估高估了事故发生后立即发生的照射量，而动态转移模型使其更符合根据监测到的生物群中的放射性浓度计算出的剂量。在此基础上，福岛附近的海洋生物群似乎没有受到重大威胁。事故后后期的情况显示出较低的照射趋势，但沉积物和生物群中的放射性铯持续到今天，一些生物栖息在当地的热点地区。由于对长期辐照对海洋生物的影响了解有限，放射性核素将在当地环境中持续存在多久，或对人口的长期影响知之甚少。因此，福岛的海洋环境需要进一步研究。福岛核事故仍然是海洋放射生态学的一个持续问题，需要不断重新评估污染的累积程度和今后几年对环境的影响。
Radiation doses to marine biota near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant have been estimated for the immediate aftermath and subsequent period of the accident. Dose estimations using monitoring data have been complemented by means of dynamic transfer modelling, improving on the more traditional equilibrium transfer approach. Earlier assessments using equilibrium transfer models overestimated the exposures in the immediate aftermath of the accident, whereas dynamic transfer modelling brings them more in line with the doses calculated from monitored activity concentrations in the biota. On that basis, marine biota populations in the vicinity of Fukushima do not seem to be at significant risk. The situation in the late post-accident period shows a tendency for lower exposures, but radiocaesium in sediments and biota persists to this day, with some organisms inhabiting local hotspots. Little is known about how long radionuclides will continue to remain in the local environment, or the long-term effects on populations due to limited knowledge on the effects of chronic radiation exposures to marine organisms. Therefore, the marine environment at Fukushima needs further study. The Fukushima nuclear accident remains an ongoing problem for marine radioecology, requiring constant re-evaluation of the cumulative extent of contamination and effects on the environment for years to come.