The status of supergenes in the 21st century: recombination suppression in Batesian mimicry and sex chromosomes and other complex adaptations.
The status of supergenes in the 21st century: recombination suppression in Batesian mimicry and sex chromosomes and other complex adaptations.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12291
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Charlesworth D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charlesworth D
我以蝴蝶、无柱植物和性染色体的贝氏拟态为例回顾了超基因进化的理论模型。对于这些系统中的每一个，我概述了导致以下建议的遗传证据：它们涉及在“复杂适应”过程中相互作用的多个基因，并且其中涉及的突变并不是无条件有利的，而是显示出与某些缺点进行权衡的优点。我描述了这些系统的最新分子遗传学研究以及它们提出的有关抑制重组进化的问题。性染色体的非重组区域早已为人所知，但尚未完全理解为什么重组抑制在远缘相关类群的系统中反复进化，但并不总是进化。最近对无柱植物的研究倾向于支持重组抑制基因组区域的存在，这些区域可能包括适度数量的基因并且类似于最近进化的性别连锁区域。然而，对于贝茨拟态，两个蝴蝶物种的分子遗传学工作表明了一种新的超基因情景，其中单个基因突变产生初始适应性表型，随后可能是专门精炼和完善新表型的修饰物。
I review theoretical models for the evolution of supergenes in the cases of Batesian mimicry in butterflies, distylous plants and sex chromosomes. For each of these systems, I outline the genetic evidence that led to the proposal that they involve multiple genes that interact during ‘complex adaptations’, and at which the mutations involved are not unconditionally advantageous, but show advantages that trade‐off against some disadvantages. I describe recent molecular genetic studies of these systems and questions they raise about the evolution of suppressed recombination. Nonrecombining regions of sex chromosomes have long been known, but it is not yet fully understood why recombination suppression repeatedly evolved in systems in distantly related taxa, but does not always evolve. Recent studies of distylous plants are tending to support the existence of recombination‐suppressed genome regions, which may include modest numbers of genes and resemble recently evolved sex‐linked regions. For Batesian mimicry, however, molecular genetic work in two butterfly species suggests a new supergene scenario, with a single gene mutating to produce initial adaptive phenotypes, perhaps followed by modifiers specifically refining and perfecting the new phenotype.