Urban contribution of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants to streams during differing flow conditions
Urban contribution of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants to streams during differing flow conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.015
复制
发表时间：
2004-07-26
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zaugg, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kolpin, DW;Skopec, M;Zaugg, SD
2001年期间，在爱荷华州一些城镇的上游和下游，分别在高流量、正常流量和低流量条件下采集了76个水样，以确定在不同流量条件下城市中心对河流中药物及其他有机废水污染物（OWCs）浓度的影响。这些城镇的人口从大约2000人到200000人不等。总体而言，在采集的98.7%的样本中检测到一种或多种有机废水污染物，共发现105种化合物中的62种。最常检测到的化合物是异丙甲草胺（农药）、胆固醇（动植物固醇）、咖啡因（兴奋剂）、β -谷甾醇（植物固醇）和1,7 -二甲基黄嘌呤（咖啡因降解产物）。随着河流流量从低流量（检测到51种化合物）增加到正常流量（28种）再到高流量（24种）条件，检测到的有机废水污染物数量减少。抗生素和其他处方药仅在低流量条件下经常被检测到。在低流量条件下，在超过10%的采样河流中检测到的23种化合物中的15种以及11种化合物组中的10种，在城市中心下游采集的样本中的浓度明显高于上游采集的样本。相反，在高流量条件下未发现浓度有显著差异。因此，随着河流流量的增加，城市对河流中有机废水污染物的影响逐渐减弱。（C）2004爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
During 2001, 76 water samples were collected upstream and downstream of select towns and cities in Iowa during high-, normal- and low-flow conditions to determine the contribution of urban centers to concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in streams under varying flow conditions. The towns ranged in population from approximately 2000 to 200 000. Overall, one or more OWCs were detected in 98.7% of the samples collected, with 62 of the 105 compounds being found. The most frequently detected compounds were metolachlor (pesticide), cholesterol (plant and animal sterol), caffeine (stimulant), beta-sitosterol (plant sterol) and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (caffeine degradate). The number of OWCs detected decreased as streamflow increased from low- (51 compounds detected) to normal- (28) to high-flow (24) conditions. Antibiotics and other prescription drugs were only frequently detected during low-flow conditions. During low-flow conditions, 15 compounds (out of the 23) and ten compound groups (out of 11) detected in more than 10% of the streams sampled had significantly greater concentrations in samples collected downstream than in those collected upstream of the urban centers. Conversely, no significant differences in the concentrations were found during high-flow conditions. Thus, the urban contribution of OWCs to streams became progressively muted as streamflow increased. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.