Molecular Beam Chemistry: Formation of Benzene and Other Higher Hydrocarbons from Small Alkanes and Alkenes in a Catalytic Supersonic Nozzle
Molecular Beam Chemistry: Formation of Benzene and Other Higher Hydrocarbons from Small Alkanes and Alkenes in a Catalytic Supersonic Nozzle
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分子束化学：在催化超音速喷嘴中由小烷烃和烯烃形成苯和其他高级烃
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发表时间：
1997
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通讯作者：
D. Herschbach
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作者：
Lina Shebaro;S. Bhalotra;D. Herschbach
通过使 C2、C3 或 C4 烷烃或烯烃流动，通常在 80 托、1000 °C 和 10 毫秒的接触时间下，通过由镍或钼制成的超音速喷嘴，可产生大量高级碳氢化合物。在产物CnHm的质谱中，最突出的峰（延伸至n = 12）含有偶数碳原子，但也存在大量含有奇数碳原子的峰。最大的峰有 m ∼ n 个氢原子，但也出现了许多其他峰。对于 n = 6，质谱表明苯基本上是唯一的产物。母束的总转化率约为 40−60%，其中通常 15−25% 是苯；产率随着 C2 → C4 的增加而增加，并且烯烃的产率明显更高。在相同条件下，甲烷不会形成高级烃。然而，CD4 和 C2H6 混合物的实验表明，来自甲烷的 D 原子遍布高级烃产物。
Large yields of higher hydrocarbons are produced by flowing C2, C3, or C4 alkanes or alkenes, typically at 80 Torr, 1000 °C, and 10 ms contact time, through a supersonic nozzle made of nickel or molybdenum. In the mass spectra of the products, CnHm, the most prominent peaks (extending to n = 12) contain even numbers of carbon atoms, but there are also substantial peaks with odd carbon atom numbers. The largest peaks have m ∼ n hydrogen atoms, but many others also appear. For n = 6 the mass spectrum indicates benzene is essentially the sole product. The total conversion of the parent beam is roughly 40−60%, of which typically 15−25% is benzene; the yields increase as C2 → C4 and are appreciably higher for alkenes. Under the same conditions, methane does not form higher hydrocarbons. Experiments with mixtures of CD4 and C2H6 show, however, that D atoms from methane pervade the higher hydrocarbon products.