How Does Time Flow in Living Systems? Retrocausal Scaffolding and E-series Time
How Does Time Flow in Living Systems? Retrocausal Scaffolding and E-series Time
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DOI：
10.1007/s12304-019-09363-x
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Tomita, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nomura, Naoki;Matsuno, Koichiro;Tomita, Jun
预期行为或预测行为是生物体在逃离捕食者、捕捉猎物或成群游动时维持生存的先决条件。例如，捕捉猎物需要捕食者执行一些程序，这些程序相当于估计猎物的方向运动、速度和相对于捕食者的距离。这些程序的基础是时间经验，它不遵循人造机械时钟。生物体根据每个参与者的局部活动来计时，共同形成生态时钟。生态时钟的计时被称为e系列时间，它具有互动性，由相互校准的时间组成，相互调整以适应彼此的运动和节奏。我们当前工作的一个主要目标是说明e系列时间是如何用于预期行为流的。为了解释这种基于对近期未来的看法如何影响现在的预测行动及其努力，我们求助于回顾修正先前行为的有机活动和超越简单线性因果关系的符号学脚手架。特别要注意的是逆向脚手架概念的构建，这是一系列对话标点或节奏的相互协调，以共同生产现在的现在时刻。溯因脚手架是协商预期的同义词，它是在当前时刻修改先前行为的符号学/交际解释。
Anticipatory acts or predictive behavior are prerequisites for living organisms to sustain their survival when escaping from a predator, catching prey, or schooling. For example, catching prey requires that the predator perform some procedures that are equivalent to estimating the directional movement of the prey, its speed and its distance relative to the predator. Underlying these procedures is time experience, which does not adhere to man-made mechanical clocks. Living organisms keep time based on the local activities of each participant and form ecological clocks together. The timekeeping of ecological clocks has been called E-series time, which is interactive in character and consists of mutual alignment of timing that is co-adjusted to each other's movements and rhythms. A main objective of our current work is to illustrate how E-series time is used for flows of anticipatory acts. To explain such predictive moves and their efforts based on how the perspective of the immediate future affects the present, we resort to the organismic activity of revising the preceding acts in retrospect and semiotic scaffolding that extends beyond simple linear causality. Special attention is paid to the construction of the notion of retrocausal scaffolding, which is a series of dialogical punctuations or mutual coordination of rhythms for the joint production of the present moment of now. Retrocausal scaffolding is synonymous with negotiated anticipation, which is a semiotic/communicative account of revising the preceding acts in the present moment.