¿Qué es el multiculturalismo? La nueva cuestión étnica en el Chile neoliberal

¿Qué es el multiculturalismo? La nueva cuestión étnica en el Chile neoliberal
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发表时间:
2010
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通讯作者:
Paola Bolados
Paola Bolados
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作者:
Guillaume Boccara;Paola Bolados

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自独裁统治结束以来,智利国家与土著人民之间的关系重新界定。为了解决所谓的“土著问题”,实施了一个新的政治、法律的和意识形态框架,多元文化主义已成为官方话语中的流行语。在这篇文章中,我们将集中在这个新的国家和民族化项目的政治性质称为多元文化主义,通过检查其日常实践和具体的民族志网站的代表。借鉴发展和新自由主义国家的批判人类学,我们将集中讨论美洲开发银行赞助的名为“起源”的全新民族发展方案,以及智利北方地区跨文化健康领域的结构。然后,我们将得出一些关于新自由主义多元文化主义的本质和我们所谓的民族治理的形成的一般性结论。
Since the end of the dictatorship, there has been a redefinition of the relationships between the Chilean State and the indigenous peoples. A new political, legal and ideological framework has been implemented in order to deal with the so-called «indigenous problem» and multiculturalism has become the buzzword of official discourses. In this essay, we shall focus on the political nature of this new national and nationalizing project called multiculturalism through the examination of its everyday practices and representations in specific ethnographic sites. Drawing on the critical anthropology of development and of the neoliberal state, we shall concentrate on the brand new IDB-sponsored ethnodevelopment program called Origenes as well as on the structuring of the intercultural health field in the northern part of Chile. We shall then draw some general conclusions about the nature of neoliberal multiculturalism and the shaping of what we shall call ethnogovernmentality.