Effects of snake venom polypeptides on central nervous system.
Effects of snake venom polypeptides on central nervous system.
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DOI：
10.2174/187152412803760618
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Osipov;Y. Utkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Osipov;Y. Utkin
神经系统是动物毒液的主要目标，因为其功能的损害导致猎物快速有效地固定或死亡。大量证据表明，粗蛇毒或分离毒素对周围神经系统的影响。然而，关于它们与中枢神经系统（CNS）相互作用的数据并不丰富，因为血脑屏障（BBB）阻碍了这些化合物进入大脑。这篇最新的综述介绍了蛇毒多肽与中枢神经系统相互作用的数据。这些数据将根据三种主要的相互作用模式进行描述：- CNS与能够穿透血脑屏障或注入大脑的毒液多肽直接在体内相互作用。-中枢神经系统细胞或亚细胞组分与粗毒液或纯化毒素的体外相互作用。-蛇毒及其成分在不同条件下对中枢神经系统功能的间接影响。虽然穿透血脑屏障的毒液成分并不多，但它们似乎是药物设计中最合适的候选成分。具有其他作用方式的化合物更丰富，研究得更好，但缺乏有关其穿透血脑屏障能力的数据可能会大大增加其医学前景的潜力。然而，许多这类化合物被用于体外中枢神经系统的研究。这些研究可能为了解中枢神经系统疾病的分子基础提供宝贵的信息，从而为靶向药物设计奠定基础。这方面也将在综述中进行概述。
The nervous system is a primary target for animal venoms as the impairment of its function results in the fast and efficient immobilization or death of a prey. There are numerous evidences about effects of crude snake venoms or isolated toxins on peripheral nervous system. However, the data on their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS) are not abundant, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes penetration of these compounds into brain. This updated review presents the data about interaction of snake venom polypeptides with CNS. Such data will be described according to three main modes of interactions: - Direct in vivo interaction of CNS with venom polypeptides either capable to penetrate BBB or injected into the brain. - In vitro interactions of cell or sub-cellular fractions of CNS with crude venoms or purified toxins. - Indirect effects of snake venoms or their components on functioning of CNS under different conditions. Although the venom components penetrating BBB are not numerous, they seem to be the most suitable candidates for the leads in drug design. The compounds with other modes of action are more abundant and better studied, but the lack of the data about their ability to penetrate BBB may substantially aggravate the potentials for their medical perspectives. Nevertheless, many such compounds are used for research of CNS in vitro. These investigations may give invaluable information for understanding the molecular basis of CNS diseases and thus lay the basis for targeted drug design. This aspect also will be outlined in the review.