Ledger Combiners for Fast Settlement

Ledger Combiners for Fast Settlement
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用于快速结算的账本组合器

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-64375-1_12
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Theory of Cryptography (TCC 2020
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Russell, Alexander
Russell, Alexander
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fitzi, Matthias;Gazi, Peter;Kiayias, Aggelos;Russell, Alexander

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基于最长链规则变体的区块链协议-无论是遵循工作量证明范式还是其替代方案之一-都受到基本延迟障碍的影响。这是因为需要在承载交易的区块上收集足够数量的区块,以保证交易的稳定性,同时限制区块的创建速度,以防止威胁安全的分叉。我们的主要结果是一个黑盒安全放大组合器的基础上并行组成的mblockchains,倍安全放大无冲突的交易,或等效的,倍减少延迟。我们的构建打破了延迟障碍,首次实现了一个纯粹基于中本聪最长链共识的分类账,保证了最坏情况下无冲突交易的恒定时间结算:结算可以加速到块传播时间的常数倍,误差可以忽略不计。在操作上,我们的构建展示了如何将任何区块链家族视为统一的,虚拟账本,而不需要链之间的任何协调或任何新的协议元数据。该系统的用户可以选择将交易注入到单个组成区块链中,或者如果他们希望加速结算,则可以将交易注入到所有组成区块链中。我们的演示和证明引入了一种新的形式主义来推理区块链,动态分类账,并将我们的构造表达为增强安全性的动态分类账的转换。我们还通过提出区块链的鲁棒组合器结构来说明这种形式主义的多功能性,这种结构可以防止区块链家族中少数人的完全对抗性控制。
Blockchain protocols based on variations of the longest-chain rule—whether following the proof-of-work paradigm or one of its alternatives—suffer from a fundamental latency barrier. This arises from the need to collect a sufficient number of blocks on top of a transaction-bearing block to guarantee the transaction’s stability while limiting the rate at which blocks can be created in order to prevent security-threatening forks. Our main result is a black-box security-amplifying combiner based on parallel composition ofmblockchains that achieves-fold security amplification for conflict-free transactions or, equivalently,-fold reduction in latency. Our construction breaks the latency barrier to achieve, for the first time, a ledger based purely on Nakamoto longest-chain consensus guaranteeing worst-case constant-time settlement for conflict-free transactions: settlement can be accelerated to a constant multiple of block propagation time with negligible error.Operationally, our construction shows how to view any family of blockchains as a unified, virtual ledger without requiring any coordination among the chains or any new protocol metadata. Users of the system have the option to inject a transaction into a single constituent blockchain or—if they desire accelerated settlement—all of the constituent blockchains. Our presentation and proofs introduce a new formalism for reasoning about blockchains, thedynamic ledger, and articulate our constructions as transformations of dynamic ledgers that amplify security. We also illustrate the versatility of this formalism by presenting robust-combiner constructions for blockchains that can protect against complete adversarial control of a minority of a family of blockchains.
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DOI: --
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