Spontaneous reoccurrence of "scooping'', a wild tool-use behaviour, in naive chimpanzees
Spontaneous reoccurrence of "scooping'', a wild tool-use behaviour, in naive chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.7717/peerj.3814
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发表时间：
2017-09-22
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tennie, Claudio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bandini, Elisa;Tennie, Claudio
现代人类技术文化依赖于社会学习。关于黑猩猩工具使用文化的一个普遍假设是，它们也依赖于社会学习。然而，我们提供的证据表明，个人学习，而不是社会学习，是决定这些行为的形式背后的驱动力在个人和跨。相反，低保真度的社会学习只会促进这些行为的重新出现，从而有助于使黑猩猩的行为同质化，创造出在野外观察到的整个种群的模式（我们在这里称之为“社会介导的连续重新创造”）。这是潜溶液区（ZLS）假说的主要预测。这项研究直接测试了ZLS关于藻类挖掘的假设，这是一种野生黑猩猩使用工具的行为。我们提供了幼稚的黑猩猩（n=14，法师= 31.33，SD= 10.09）的野生行为的生态相关材料，但至关重要的是，没有透露任何信息的行为形式所需的完成这项任务。这项研究发现，天真的黑猩猩表达了与野生黑猩猩相同的行为形式，这表明，正如ZLS理论预测的那样，个体学习是这种行为形式频率背后的驱动因素。随着越来越多的行为被发现是在黑猩猩的ZLS，这一假设现在提供了一个吝啬的解释黑猩猩的工具文化。
Modern human technological culture depends on social learning. A widespread assumption for chimpanzee tool-use cultures is that they, too, are dependent on social learning. However, we provide evidence to suggest that individual learning, rather than social learning, is the driver behind determining the form of these behaviours within and across individuals. Low-fidelity social learning instead merely facilitates the reinnovation of these behaviours, and thus helps homogenise the behaviour across chimpanzees, creating the population-wide patterns observed in the wild (what here we call "socially mediated serial reinnovations''). This is the main prediction of the Zone of Latent Solutions (ZLS) hypothesis. This study directly tested the ZLS hypothesis on algae scooping, a wild chimpanzee tool-use behaviour. We provided naive chimpanzees (n=14, Mage = 31.33, SD= 10.09) with ecologically relevant materials of the wild behaviour but, crucially, without revealing any information on the behavioural form required to accomplish this task. This study found that naive chimpanzees expressed the same behavioural form as their wild counterparts, suggesting that, as the ZLS theory predicts, individual learning is the driver behind the frequency of this behavioural form. As more behaviours are being found to be within chimpanzee's ZLS, this hypothesis now provides a parsimonious explanation for chimpanzee tool cultures.