USING AN INDEX OF HABITAT PATCH PROXIMITY FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN
USING AN INDEX OF HABITAT PATCH PROXIMITY FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN
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DOI：
10.1016/0169-2046(94)90022-1
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发表时间：
1994-08-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
PARKER, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GUSTAFSON, EJ;PARKER, GR
受岛屿生物地理学理论的启发，描述了一个邻近指数（PX），它量化了栖息地斑块与其邻居的空间背景。该指数区分了小生境斑块的稀疏分布和大生境斑块的聚集。对聚落空间特征变化与聚落空间特征变化关系的评价表明，聚落内聚落隔离程度的降低会导致聚落空间特征的指数增长，而聚落大小的增加则会导致聚落空间特征的线性增长。使用中性模型景观进行模拟，以确定分析尺度对PX的影响。在栖息地斑块（邻近缓冲区）周围考虑的社区大小的增加会导致PX的线性增加，斜率取决于景观中感兴趣的栖息地的比例。利用接近度指数对某农业景观中的3个备选保护区设计方案进行了评价，并对在景观中添加相同面积的森林生境的设计方案进行了比较。当新增森林总面积大于等于842 ha时，“单一大”保护区设计对景观上森林斑块平均PX值的增加最大，当新增森林总面积小于等于716 ha时，“多个小”保护区设计对景观上森林斑块平均PX值的增加最大。当新增森林面积小于等于716 ha，邻近缓冲区大于等于2.1 km时，“珍珠串”保护区设计产生的平均PX值与“单一大”配置的PX值大致相等，因为“珍珠串”配置在新增保护区周围产生了更多的邻居，这有助于抵消每个保护区规模较小的影响。大的保护区面积更大，但它们的影响仅限于少数邻国。似乎存在一个大小阈值，即单个大储量面积的增加比影响更多邻居的其他配置产生更高的PX值。可视化景观中PX值的空间分布可以揭示具有特定运动尺度的生物如何感知景观的有效破碎化（PX的空间变异性），从而进一步帮助保护区的规划和设计。
A proximity index (PX) inspired by island biogeography theory is described which quantifies the spatial context of a habitat patch in relation to its neighbors. The index distinguishes sparse distributions of small habitat patches from clusters of large patches. An evaluation of the relationship between PX and variation in the spatial characteristics of clusters of patches showed that reduction in the isolation of patches within a cluster produced exponential increases in PX, and that increase in the size of those patches produced a more modest linear increase in PX. Simulations using neutral model landscapes were used to determine the effect of the scale of analysis on PX. Increased size of the neighborhood considered around a habitat patch (proximity buffer) produced linear increases in PX, the slope being dependent on the proportion of the habitat of interest on the landscape. The proximity index was used to evaluate three alternative conservation reserve designs in an agricultural landscape, and comparisons were made among designs consisting of the same area of forest habitat added to the landscape. The 'single, large' reserve design produced the greatest increase in mean PX values among forest patches on the landscape when the total area of forest added was greater-than-or-equal-to 842 ha, and the 'several, small' reserve design produced the greatest increase when the total area of forest added was less-than-or-equal-to 716 ha. The 'string-of-pearls' reserve design produced mean PX values approximately equal to those of the 'single, large' configuration when the total area of forest added was less-than-or-equal-to 716 ha and the proximity buffer was greater-than-or-equal-to 2.1 km, since the 'string-of-pearls' configuration produced a higher total number of neighbors around the added reserves, which helped offset the smaller size of each reserve. Large reserves have more area, but their influence is limited to fewer neighbors. There appears to be a size threshold where the increased area of single, large reserves produced higher PX values than other configurations that influence more neighbors. Visualization of the spatial distribution of PX values across the landscape can reveal how organisms with specific movement scales might perceive the effective fragmentation of the landscape (spatial variability of PX), further aiding conservation reserve planning and design.