Amygdala response to emotional faces: a neural marker of risk for bipolar disorder?
Amygdala response to emotional faces: a neural marker of risk for bipolar disorder?
复制标题
杏仁核对情绪面孔的反应：双相情感障碍风险的神经标志？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2011.12.016
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Ladouceur,CecileD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ladouceur,CecileD
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious and recur-rent neuropsychiatric illness that affects 2% to 5% of the population. 1 Evidence from adoption, twin, high-risk, and family studies indicate that BD is highly heritable. Yet, to date, the single strongest predictive factor of the risk for developing BD is high family loading for the disorder. Although there have been some advances in the identification of early signs of BD, developmental differences in the presentation of the disorder in youth (eg, symptoms of inattention, irritability, impulsivity, etc.) can often be misinterpreted for the onset of other forms of psychopathology (eg, ADHD, ODD) and lead to inappropriate or less efficient treatment. Consequently, identification of early biomarkers of BD in at-risk youth through the use of neuroimaging techniques could improve earlier detection in young persons likely to develop the disorder and could inform early preventive strategies. More importantly, grounding such research studies within a developmental affective neuroscience framework is crucial to enhance our ability to elucidate specific mechanisms that may contribute to the trajectories toward BD and other affective disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In the current issue of the Journal, two articles provide preliminary evidence for the importance of investigating the functioning of neural systems that support processing of emotionally salient and socially relevant information (ie, emotional faces) as potential neural markers of risk for mood disorders, including BD. Olavsky and colleagues 2 provide compelling findings demonstrating that the use of neuroimaging techniques, along with a paradigm that involves viewing emotional faces, may be a useful strategy to elucidate potential neural markers of risk for BD in children and adolescents having a first-degree relative with the disorder. The article by Liu and colleagues 3 complements these findings by demonstrating that changes in endocrinological responses to social stress may influence the functioning of neural systems implicated in processing emotional faces in adolescents at high risk for psychopathology (ie, anxiety and mood disorders, substance use). Although this latter study did not focus specifically on risk for BD, it offers compelling evidence for the importance of investigating changes in neural systems implicated in processing socially relevant emotional information during adolescence—a sensitive developmental window for the onset of mood disorders.BD has been ranked as one of the top 10 leading causes of disability in the world. 4 The emergence of BD in children and adolescents is of particular concern because it may have a more severe presentation and course, including high rates of hospitalizations, psychosis, suicidal behaviors, substance abuse, as well as behavioral, academic, social, family, and legal problems. 5 Given the impact of BD on the development of children and adolescents and the serious negative consequences on functioning into adulthood, it is crucial that we develop new strategies to detect early signs of the illness—ideally before cognitive, emotional, or behavioral manifestations of the illness emerge and contribute to poor functioning. Therefore, the search for candidate endophenotypes of BD 6 is an area that merits further investigation. One avenue of research that has emerged in recent years is the focus on the functioning of neural systems implicated in emotion processing and regulation. 7, 8 Although the majority of this work has been performed in adults, there is an increasing number of studies in youth with BD demonstrating that deficits in the functioning of neural systems supporting emotion processing and regulation may …
