The Cognitive Paradigm: Cognitive Science, a Newly Explored Approach to the Study of Cognition Applied in an Analysis of Science and Scientific Knowledge
The Cognitive Paradigm: Cognitive Science, a Newly Explored Approach to the Study of Cognition Applied in an Analysis of Science and Scientific Knowledge
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认知范式：认知科学，一种新探索的认知研究方法，应用于科学和科学知识的分析
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-009-7956-7
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. D. Mey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. D. Mey
一、认知观导论- 1。认知观的发展。-感知，模式识别和图像处理。-沟通与语言处理。-通用方案。- 2。世界观和模型。-世界观的多样性。——最简单的世界观模型。-“自我”和“我”是世界观的一部分。——作为社会实体的世界观。-世界观的结合与互动。-信息处理与科学观。—序言任务。- 3。实证主义作为一元观。-实证主义和科学主义。-经验主义知识单位。——亥姆霍兹的认知模型。——科学形而上学。——从二元论到中性一元论。—概念状态。-科学概念：单子群。- 4。逻辑实证主义：一种结构观点。-自然语言的结构。——语言的逻辑重构。——强调结构。——科学理论的逻辑实证主义模型。——逻辑实证主义科学哲学。- 5所示。科学语境：科学的科学。——默顿的《科学规范》-内在和外在因素。——《科学家的人格》——科学史上争论的多样性。——科学史范围的多样性。——《科学中的科学》- 6所示。科学认知观：范式。——对哥白尼革命的综合解读。——库恩模型的标准解释。-作为认知单位的范式。-概念图式和范式的功能。-纪律矩阵和范例。-范式的社会性质。——Paradigm-studies。-二：科学的社会结构。- 7所示。文献计量学与科学的结构。-文献计量学与科学研究。——科学的发展。——增长点和二手文献的检测。-生长代谢与原始文献。-引文网络。-共引聚类。-文献计量学和科学计量学。- 8。非正式群体与网络的起源。-隐形学院和专业。——隐形大学的特点。-隐形大学和小团体。-沟通模式和信息流。-跨学科和专业的起源。-迁移到心理学：两个例子。-创新和门徒。- 9。科学专业的生命周期。-专业生命周期的各个阶段。——调控机制与增长。-最终：认知和社会的顺序？-扩散研究的逐步扩大。-专业形式和生命周期模式。-社会科学研究。-三：科学的认知结构与动态。- 10。范式与注意与知觉心理学。-以格式塔感知和格式塔转换为例。-感知和选择性注意。-感知的分层模型。-感知中的互动和整合过程。——分析科学中的格式塔转换：哈维的发现。- 11。解谜与世界观重组。——帧。-默认值和范例。-解决问题和调试。-解谜和分层控制。-科学知识的程序方面。-自我世界分割和世界观的兼容性。-范式和视角。- 12。概念系统的守恒和动力学。——科学知识与儿童观念。-行动与适应。-乒乓球专业知识。——皮亚杰的阶段和最终模型。-概念系统的保存和闭合。保护血液？-对象的透视图。——范式与发展。-个人发现和社会成功。- - - - - -后记。——笔记。
One: Introduction to the Cognitive View.- 1. The Development of the Cognitive View.- Perception, Pattern Recognition and Picture-processing.- Communication and Language Processing.- The Generic Scheme.- 2. World Views and Models.- The Multiplicity of World Views.- The Simplest Model of a World View.- 'Self' and 'I' as Parts of a World View.- World Views as Social Entities.- Combination and Interaction of World Views.- Information Processing and Views on Science.- A Prefatory Task.- 3. Positivism as a Monadic View.- Positivism and Scientism.- Empiristic Units of Knowledge.- Helmholtz's Cognitive Model.- Scientistic Metaphysics.- From Dualism to Neutral Monism.- The Status of Concepts.- Scientific Concepts: Clusters of Monads.- 4. Logical Positivism: A Structural View.- The Structure of Natural Language.- The Logical Reconstruction of Language.- The Emphasis on Structure.- The Logical Positivist Model of Scientific Theory.- Logical Positivist Philosophy of Science.- 5. Contexts of Science: Sciences of Science.- Merton's Norms of Science.- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors.- The Personality of the Scientist.- The Multiplicity of Arguments in the History of Science.- The Multiplicity of Scopes in History of Science.- The Science of Science.- 6. The Cognitive View on Science: Paradigms.- An Integrated Approach to the Copernican Revolution.- The Standard Account of the Kuhnian Model.- Paradigms as Cognitive Units.- Conceptual Schemes and the Functions of Paradigms.- Disciplinary Matrix and Exemplar.- The Social Nature of Paradigms.- Paradigm-studies.- Two: The Social Structure of Science.- 7. Bibliometrics and the Structure of Science.- Bibliometrics and Research on Science.- The Growth of Science.- The Detection of Growth Points and Secondary Literature.- The Metabolism of Growth and Primary Literature.- Citation Networks.- Co-citation Clustering.- Bibliometrics and Scientometrics.- 8. Informal Groups and the Origin of Networks.- Invisible Colleges and Specialties.- Characteristics of Invisible Colleges.- Invisible Colleges and Small Groups.- Communication Patterns and Information Flow.- Interdisciplinarity and the Origin of Specialties.- Migrations into Psychology: Two Examples.- Innovation and Discipleship.- 9. The Life Cycle of Scientific Specialties.- The Stages of the Specialty Life Cycle.- Regulative Mechanisms and Growth.- Finalization: Cognitive and Social in Sequence?.- Escalatory Expansion of Diffusion Studies.- Forms of Specialties and Patterns of Life Cycles.- Social Studies of Science.- Three: Cognitive Structure and Dynamics of Science.- 10. Paradigms and the Psychology of Attention and Perception.- Gestalt Perception and Gestalt Switch as Exemplars.- Perception and Selective Attention.- A Stratified Model of Perception.- Interactive and Integrative Processes in Perception.- Analysis of a Gestalt Switch in Science: Harvey's Discovery.- 11. Puzzle-solving and Reorganization of World Views.- Frames.- Defaults and Exemplars.- Problem-solving and Debugging.- Puzzle-solving and Heterarchical Control.- Procedural Aspects of Scientific Knowledge.- Self-world Segmentation and Compatibility of World Views.- Paradigms and Perspectives.- 12. Conservation and the Dynamics of Conceptual Systems.- Scientific Knowledge and Children's Concepts.- Action and Adaptation.- Table Tennis Ball Expertise.- Piaget's Stages and the Finalization-model.- Conservation and Closure of Conceptual Systems.- Harvey: Conservation of the Blood?.- Perspectives on an Object.- Paradigms and Development.- Individual Discovery and Social Success.- Epilogue.- Notes.