Evidence for cross rift structural controls on deformation and seismicity at a continental rift caldera

Evidence for cross rift structural controls on deformation and seismicity at a continental rift caldera
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大陆裂谷火山口交叉裂谷结构控制变形和地震活动的证据

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.01.037
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Lloyd R
Lloyd R
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lloyd R

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在大陆裂谷中,构造的非均质性,例如先前存在的断层和片理,被认为影响浅层地壳过程,特别是裂谷断层、岩浆储层和地表火山作用的形成。我们关注的是位于埃塞俄比亚裂谷中南部的Corbetti火山口。我们使用ALOS和ENVISAT SAR干涉图测量了2007年6月22日至2009年3月25日之间的地表变形,并观察到一个半圆形的变形模式,该变形模式由一个与火山口长轴相一致的尖锐线性特征所限制。这个信号在符号上相反,但不是季节性的:从2007年6月到12月,这个结构的南部相对于北部上升了3厘米,而从2007年12月到2008年11月,它下降了2厘米。比较两个不同卫星观测方向的数据表明,位移主要是垂直的。我们讨论了潜在的机制,并得出结论,这种变形与浅(<1公里)断层界热液储层在火山口范围内隆起阶段开始之前的压力变化有关。对火山口内火山口后喷口和锥的分布分析表明,它们的位置在统计上与该断裂结构一致,表明该断裂在数万年的时间里也控制着岩浆从储层向地表的运移。地震活动的空间模式与火山口外延伸至深度约30公里的交叉裂谷结构相一致,地震各向异性模式表明应力分区发生在整个结构上。我们讨论了这一构造的可能性质,并得出结论,认为它最有可能与戈巴-邦加构造有关,该构造横切并早于当前的裂谷。我们的观测结果表明,裂谷前构造在岩浆运移和浅层热液过程中起着重要的作用,因此在讨论这些过程时不应忽视裂谷前构造。
In continental rifts structural heterogeneities, such as pre-existing faults and foliations, are thought to influence shallow crustal processes, particularly the formation of rift faults, magma reservoirs and surface volcanism. We focus on the Corbetti caldera, in the southern central Main Ethiopian Rift. We measure the surface deformation between 22nd June 2007 and 25th March 2009 using ALOS and ENVISAT SAR interferograms and observe a semi-circular pattern of deformation bounded by a sharp linear feature cross-cutting the caldera, coincident with the caldera long axis. The signal reverses in sign but is not seasonal: from June to December 2007 the region south of this structure moves upwards 3 cm relative to the north, while from December 2007 until November 2008 it subsides by 2 cm. Comparison of data taken from two different satellite look directions show that the displacement is primarily vertical. We discuss potential mechanisms and conclude that this deformation is associated with pressure changes within a shallow (<1 km) fault-bounded hydrothermal reservoir prior to the onset of a phase of caldera-wide uplift.Analysis of the distribution of post-caldera vents and cones inside the caldera shows their locations are statistically consistent with this fault structure, indicating that the fault has also controlled the migration of magma from a reservoir to the surface over tens of thousands of years. Spatial patterns of seismicity are consistent with a cross-rift structure that extents outside the caldera and to a depth of ∼30 km, and patterns of seismic anisotropy suggests stress partitioning occurs across the structure. We discuss the possible nature of this structure, and conclude that it is most likely associated with the Goba–Bonga lineament, which cross-cuts and pre-dates the current rift. Our observations show that pre-rift structures play an important role in magma transport and shallow hydrothermal processes, and therefore they should not be neglected when discussing these processes.
火山大厦对侵入和喷发活动的影响
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.016
发表时间: 2014
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DOI: 10.1029/2002jb001751
发表时间: 2003
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埃塞俄比亚裂谷系统的横流断层
DOI: 10.1038/218938a0
发表时间: 1968
期刊: Nature
影响因子: 64.8
作者:
P. Mohr
通讯作者: P. Mohr
沿埃塞俄比亚裂谷的左旋张量及其对地幔参考板块运动的约束
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.036
发表时间: 2014
期刊: Tectonophysics
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
A. Muluneh;M. Cuffaro;C. Doglioni
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
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