Phylogenetic placement of retropinnid fishes: data set incongruence can be reduced by using asymmetric character state transformation costs.
Phylogenetic placement of retropinnid fishes: data set incongruence can be reduced by using asymmetric character state transformation costs.
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DOI：
10.1080/10635150290069887
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发表时间：
2002-05
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
J. Waters;T. Saruwatari;Takanori Kobayashi;I. Oohara;R. McDowall;G. Wallis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Waters;T. Saruwatari;Takanori Kobayashi;I. Oohara;R. McDowall;G. Wallis
我们使用线粒体DNA序列来确定南方熔鱼(Retropinnidae)的系统发育位置，这是新西兰和澳大利亚特有的一组水栖鱼类。我们的遗传数据有力地支持了后羽类和北半球臭科之间的姐妹群关系，这种关系似乎与这两个群相似的外表和生活史策略相一致。我们的分析表明，Retropinnidae和Osmeridae共同代表了南半球银河鱼类(Galaxiidae)的姐妹群。然而，这一发现与最近的几项骨学分析相矛盾，后者支持Retropinnidae和Galaxiidae的姐妹关系，给出了一个单系的南半球组合(Galaxioidae)。我们回顾了不一致的案例，并讨论了可能解释分子和形态数据矩阵之间显著不一致的因素。我们认为，反复的进化简化可能破坏了渗透体关系的形态假说的准确性。尽管形态数据的等权简约分析拒绝了分子假说(Osmeridae+Retropinnidae)，但一系列加权方案的实施表明，在不对称特征转化模型下，不一致性是不显著的。我们认为，简单的“等转换成本”简约分析在生物学上可能是不现实的，特别是在还原同质性普遍存在的情况下；随着人们越来越多地接受，复杂的特征状态更容易失去而不是获得。因此，我们建议形态系统学家例行公事地实施一系列的特征转换模型，以评估其系统发育重建的敏感性。我们在交替和跨水槽扩散的背景下讨论了鱼科鱼类的反热带生物地理学。
We used mitochondrial DNA sequences to determine the phylogenetic placement of southern smelts (Retropinnidae), a group of diadromous fishes endemic to New Zealand and Australia. Our genetic data strongly support a sister group relationship between retropinnids and northern hemisphere smelts (Osmeridae), a relationship that seems consistent with the similar appearance and life history strategies of these two groups. Our analysis indicates that Retropinnidae and Osmeridae together represent the sister group to the southern hemisphere galaxiid fishes (Galaxiidae). However, this finding conflicts with several recent osteological analyses, which supported a sister relationship for Retropinnidae and Galaxiidae, giving a monophyletic southern hemisphere assemblage (Galaxioidea). We review cases of incongruence and discuss factors that might explain significant disagreement between molecular and morphological data matrices. We suggest that repeated evolutionary simplification may have undermined the accuracy of morphological hypotheses of osmeroid relationships. Although equally weighted parsimony analysis of morphological data rejects the molecular hypothesis (Osmeridae + Retropinnidae), implementation of a range of weighting schemes suggests that incongruence is nonsignificant under asymmetric character transformation models. We propose that a simple "equal transformation cost" parsimony analysis may be biologically unrealistic, especially when reductive homoplasy is widespread; as is increasingly being accepted, complex character states are more readily lost than gained. Therefore, we recommend that morphological systematists routinely implement a range of character transformation models to assess the sensitivity of their phylogenetic reconstructions. We discuss the antitropical biogeography of osmeroid fishes in the context of vicariance and transequatorial dispersal.