Ecuador Suffers the Highest Deforestation Rate in South America
Ecuador Suffers the Highest Deforestation Rate in South America
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厄瓜多尔是南美洲森林砍伐率最高的国家
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-73526-7_4
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
M. Weber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Mosandl;S. Günter;B. Stimm;M. Weber
本章中的“毁林”是根据粮农组织（2001）的定义使用的：它是将森林转化为另一种土地用途或将树冠覆盖率长期减少到10%以下的最低阈值。这意味着，由于采伐或伐木而导致树木被移走的地区不被视为“毁林”。即使森林的结构或功能受到采伐活动的严重干扰，只要树冠覆盖率超过10%，或者从长远来看有望自然或人工再生，该林分仍然是森林。因此，粮农组织定义意义上的“毁林”并不包括其他一些定义中所包括的森林退化，例如Myers（1994）。相应地，用人工林取代原生林或换耕者暂时使用原生林不被视为破坏或毁林。只有完全改变土地利用方式或破坏森林覆盖，使其无法恢复到10%以上的林冠覆盖，才被粮农组织统计为“毁林”或“森林损失”。
“Deforestation” in this chapter is used according to the FAO (2001) definition: it is the conversion of forest to another land use or the long-term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10% threshold. This implies that areas where trees have been removed as a result of harvesting or logging are not considered as “deforestation”. Even if the structure or function of a forest is heavily disturbed by harvesting operations, the stand remains a forest as long as it has a tree canopy cover of more than 10% or is expected to regenerate naturally or artificially in the long run. So “deforestation” in the sense of the FAO definition does not incorporate the degradation of forests included in some other definitions, e.g. Myers (1994). Correspondingly the replacement of old-growth forests by plantations or their temporary use by shifting cultivators is not considered as destruction or deforestation. Only a complete change of land use or the destruction of forest cover which prevents its recovery to more than 10% crown cover enters the FAO statistics as “deforestation” or “forest loss”.