Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference
Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference
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DOI：
10.1177/2515245919900809
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Soderstrom, Melanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank, Michael C.;Alcock, Katherine Jane;Soderstrom, Melanie
心理科学家越来越关注与方法论和可重复性相关的问题，婴儿研究人员尤其面临与可重复性相关的具体挑战：例如，高强度的研究很难进行，不同实验室的测试条件各不相同，不同的实验室可以接触到不同的婴儿群体。为了解决这些问题，我们报告了一项大规模、多地点的研究，旨在（a）评估单个理论上重要现象的整体可复制性，以及（b）检查方法论、文化和发展调节因素。我们关注的是婴儿对婴儿定向言语（IDS）相对于成人定向言语（ADS）的偏好。母亲用北美英语与婴儿和成人交谈的刺激是使用基于实验室的半自然录音创建的。在北美、欧洲、澳大利亚和亚洲的 67 个实验室中，使用测量婴儿歧视的三种常用方法（转头偏好、中央注视和眼球追踪）评估了婴儿对 IDS 和 ADS 的相对偏好。总体荟萃分析效应大小（Cohen's d）为 0.35，95% 置信区间 = [0.29, 0.42]，可靠地高于零，但小于根据先前文献计算的荟萃分析平均值 (0.67)。在年龄较大的儿童、刺激与其母语和方言相匹配的儿童以及使用转头偏好程序的实验室数据中，IDS 偏好明显更强。总之，这些发现复制了 IDS 偏好，但表明其大小受到开发、母语经验和测试程序的调节。
Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants' preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using seminaturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants' relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants' discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.