Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates
Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01214.x
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Lindenfors, Patrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altizer, Sonia;Nunn, Charles L.;Lindenfors, Patrik
1.寄生虫和传染病已经成为保护生物学的主要关注点，部分原因是它们可以引发或加速物种或种群的下降。以灵长类动物为研究对象，研究了受威胁和非受威胁宿主物种之间的物种丰富度和寄生虫流行率是否存在差异.我们整理了386种寄生虫（包括病毒、细菌、原生动物、蠕虫和节肢动物）的数据，这些寄生虫感染了36种受威胁的灵长类动物和81种非受威胁的灵长类动物。分析控制了不均匀的采样努力和主机的重复性。结果表明，总的寄生虫物种丰富度是受威胁的灵长类动物中较低，支持预测，小，孤立的主机人口窝藏较少的寄生虫物种。这种趋势在灵长类动物中发现的三种主要寄生虫群（蠕虫、原生动物和病毒）中是一致的。与我们的预测相反，寄生虫物种丰富度模式与寄生虫传播模式和宿主特异性程度无关.我们还检查了灵长类姐妹分类群中所选寄生虫属的患病率，这些分类群在其威胁类别中存在差异，但未发现受威胁宿主和非受威胁宿主之间的患病率存在显著差异。这项研究是第一次证明寄生虫丰富度相对于主机的威胁状态的差异。结果表明，人类活动和宿主特性，增加野生动物物种的灭绝风险，可能会同时导致寄生虫的损失。较低的平均寄生虫丰富的受威胁的主机类群也指出，需要更好地了解附属寄生虫物种的主机生物多样性损失的级联效应。
1. Parasites and infectious diseases have become a major concern in conservation biology, in part because they can trigger or accelerate species or population declines. Focusing on primates as a well-studied host clade, we tested whether the species richness and prevalence of parasites differed between threatened and non-threatened host species.2. We collated data on 386 species of parasites (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths and arthropods) reported to infect wild populations of 36 threatened and 81 non-threatened primate species. Analyses controlled for uneven sampling effort and host phylogeny.3. Results showed that total parasite species richness was lower among threatened primates, supporting the prediction that small, isolated host populations harbour fewer parasite species. This trend was consistent across three major parasite groups found in primates (helminths, protozoa and viruses). Counter to our predictions, patterns of parasite species richness were independent of parasite transmission mode and the degree of host specificity.4. We also examined the prevalence of selected parasite genera among primate sister-taxa that differed in their ranked threat categories, but found no significant differences in prevalence between threatened and non-threatened hosts.5. This study is the first to demonstrate differences in parasite richness relative to host threat status. Results indicate that human activities and host characteristics that increase the extinction risk of wild animal species may lead simultaneously to the loss of parasites. Lower average parasite richness in threatened host taxa also points to the need for a better understanding of the cascading effects of host biodiversity loss for affiliated parasite species.