Genetic influences on the response of body fat and fat distribution to positive and negative energy balances in human identical twins
Genetic influences on the response of body fat and fat distribution to positive and negative energy balances in human identical twins
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/127.5.943s
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Tremblay, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouchard, C;Tremblay, A
本文总结了一系列对年轻成年男性同卵双胞胎进行的干预研究，旨在确定是否有任何证据表明X基因型过度喂养或X基因型负能量平衡相互作用对体重，身体成分，脂肪分布，计算机断层扫描评估的腹部内脏脂肪，静息代谢率和对由长期暴露于适当的实验治疗所引起的混合成分的标准化膳食的热反应。这些研究表明，对能量平衡的慢性改变的反应的个体差异是常见的。对双胞胎之间的反应的异质性与双胞胎内的方差进行比较，发现同一对双胞胎的成员比没有遗传关系的个体更相似。对内相似的反应是特别强烈的体重，身体成分，皮下脂肪分布和腹部内脏脂肪的变化。相反，两项长期干预研究的结果表明，暴露于慢性过度喂养或运动引起的负能量平衡后，静息代谢率的变化主要是由体重变化引起的。最后，对食物的热反应没有被任何实验处理改变。根据这些观察结果，我们得出结论，有些人有体重增加和体脂增加的风险，或者对减肥有抵抗力。这些差异的易感性慢性过度喂养或在敏感性负能量平衡似乎在很大程度上解释了遗传因素的确切性质仍有待确定。
This article summarizes a series of intervention studies conducted with pairs of young adult male identical twins and designed to determine whether there is any evidence for genotype x overfeeding or genotype x negative energy balance interaction effects in the changes in body weight, body composition, fat distribution, computerized tomography-assessed abdominal visceral fat, resting metabolic rate and thermic response to a standardized meal of mixed composition brought about by chronic exposure to appropriate experimental treatments. These studies demonstrated that individual differences in response to chronic alterations in energy balance are common. The comparison of the heterogeneity in response between the pairs of twins in contrast to the variance within pairs revealed that members of the same twin pair are significantly more alike than individuals who are not genetically related by descent. The intrapair resemblance in response was particularly strong for the changes in body mass, body composition, subcutaneous fat distribution and abdominal visceral fat. In contrast, the results of two long-term intervention studies showed that variations in resting metabolic rate following exposure to chronic overfeeding or negative energy balance induced by exercise were accounted for primarily by the changes in body mass. Finally, the thermic response to food was not modified by any of the experimental treatments. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that there are individuals at risk of gaining weight and body fat or who are resistant to weight loss. These differences in susceptibility to chronic overfeeding or in sensitivity to negative energy balance seem to be largely explained by genetic factors whose exact nature remains to be determined.