Elemental fingerprints in natural nanomaterials determined using SP-ICP-TOF-MS and clustering analysis
Elemental fingerprints in natural nanomaterials determined using SP-ICP-TOF-MS and clustering analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148426
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发表时间：
2021-06-19
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Goharian, Erfan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baalousha, Mohammed;Wang, Jingjing;Goharian, Erfan
环境系统中工程纳米材料的检测和定量需要精确了解同源天然纳米材料（NNM）的元素组成、关联和比例。在这里，我们的特点是土壤NNMs在单粒子水平上使用单粒子电感耦合等离子体飞行时间质谱仪（SP-ICP-TOF-MS），以确定NNMs内的元素纯度，组成，协会和比例。在NNM中天然存在的作为主要成分的元素如Ti和Fe主要以纯/单一金属存在，而在NNM中以痕量水平天然存在的元素主要以不纯/多金属NNM存在，如V、Nb、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Er、Dy、Yb、Lu、Hf、Ta、Pb、Th和U。其他元素以单一金属和多金属NNM的混合物形式存在，例如Al、Si、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ba、La、Ce、W和Bi。因此，元素纯度可用于区分ENM与NNM，仅适用于NNM中痕量水平的元素。我们还将多金属NNM分类为具有相似元素组成的簇，并确定了它们的平均元素组成。六个主要的集群占超过95%的检测到的多金属NNM，包括Al-，Fe-，Ti-，Si-，Ce-和Zr丰富的颗粒的集群。这些多金属NNM簇的元素组成与天然存在的矿物一致。钛在富钛团簇中作为主要元素（占NNM中总金属质量的70%）出现，在富钛团簇中作为次要元素（
Detection and quantification of engineered nanomaterials in environmental systems require precise knowledge of the elemental composition, association, and ratios in homologous natural nanomaterials (NNMs). Here, we characterized soil NNMs at the single particle level using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometer (SP-ICP-TOF-MS) in order to identify the elemental purity, composition, associations, and ratios within NNMs. Elements naturally present as a major constituent in NNMs such as Ti, and Fe occurred predominantly as pure/single metals, whereas elements naturally present at trace levels in NNMs occurred predominantly as impure/multi-metal NNMs such as V, Nb, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, and U. Other elements occurred as a mixture of single metal and multi-metal NNMs such as Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, La, Ce, W, and Bi. Thus, elemental purity can be used to differentiate ENMs vs. NNMs only for those elements that occur at trace level in NNMs. We also classified multi-metal NNM into clusters of similar elemental composition and determined their mean elemental composition. Six major clusters accounted for more than 95% of the detected multi-metal NNMs including Al-, Fe-, Ti-, Si-, Ce-, and Zr-rich particles' clusters. The elemental composition of these multi-metal NNM clusters is consistent with naturally occurring minerals. Titanium occurred as a major element ( 70% of the total metal mass in NNMs) in Ti-rich cluster and as a minor (