Exploring the effect of the environment on physical activity - A study examining walking to work
Exploring the effect of the environment on physical activity - A study examining walking to work
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DOI：
10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00472-5
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Dunn, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craig, CL;Brownson, RC;Dunn, AL
背景：体育活动与物理环境的研究尚处于相关阶段，因此对其因果关系进行归因还为时过早。本文通过理清收入、大学教育、贫困和城市化程度对步行上班与社区设计特征之间关系的潜在影响，为理解社区的物理设计如何影响行为提供了一种概念性方法。方法：该研究将加拿大27个社区的观察数据与1996年人口普查的步行上班信息合并在一起。使用分层线性建模来创建基于IS社区特征（例如，目的地的多样性，视觉美学和交通）的潜在环境评分。在控制了收入、大学教育、贫困和城市化程度之后，环境得分与步行上班之间的关系在第二层建立了模型。结果：除视觉趣味和美学外，各邻里特征对环境得分有显著贡献。无论是否根据城市化程度进行调整，环境得分都与步行上班呈正相关。控制大学教育、收入和贫困对这些关系没有影响。结论：在控制城市化程度的情况下，环境得分与步行上班之间的正相关关系支持了目前住房、商店、工作场所、学校和公共空间一体化社区的发展。鉴于需要通过研究来指导环境干预措施，公共卫生从业人员、城市规划者和交通研究人员之间的合作对于整合各部门的知识至关重要。
Background: Research on physical activity and the physical environment is at the correlates stage, so it is premature to attribute causal effects. This paper provides a conceptual approach to understanding how the physical design of neighborhoods may influence behavior by disentangling the potential effects of income, university education, poverty, and degree of urbanization on the relationship between walking to work and neighborhood design characteristics.Methods: The study merges Canadian data from 27 neighborhood observations with information on walking to work from the 1996 census. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to create a latent environment score based on IS neighborhood characteristics (e.g., variety of destinations, visual aesthetics, and traffic). The relationship between the environment score and walking to work was modeled at the second level, controlling for income, university education, poverty, and degree of urbanization.Results: With the exceptions of visual interest and aesthetics, each neighborhood characteristic contributed significantly to the environment score. The environment score was positively associated with walking to work, both with and without adjustment for degree of,urbanization. Controlling for university education, income, and poverty did not influence these relationships.Conclusions: The positive association between the environment score and walking to work, controlling for degree of urbanization supports the current movement toward the development of integrated communities for housing, shops, workplaces, schools, and public spaces. Given the need for research to guide environmental interventions, collaboration among public health practitioners, urban planners, and transportation researchers is essential to integrate knowledge across sectors.