The Balance between Negative and Positive Brain System Activity
The Balance between Negative and Positive Brain System Activity
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大脑系统积极和消极活动之间的平衡
DOI：
10.1353/pbm.1963.0009
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
E. W. Bovard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. W. Bovard
两个脑系统的位置和功能的初步证据涉及广泛的自主神经和神经内分泌功能[1]。这些系统中的第一个，抑制神经内分泌对压力的反应，似乎强烈地表现在下丘脑的前部和外侧；第二，关于应激反应的facitatory，在下丘脑后部和内侧强烈地表现出来。在第一个系统中，通过深度电极进行自我刺激似乎对人和动物都有好处，而在第二个系统中进行电刺激则有不利影响。这些系统所在的两个下丘脑区域已被证明是相互抑制的，这一假设已被提出[1]，因为这只是这两个系统之间普遍相互抑制关系的一个特例。从人和猴子的研究中获得的额外证据，现在提供了一种对两种系统的结构和功能更有区别的观点。在对接受神经外科手术的人类患者的研究中，萨姆-雅各布森发现，对电刺激有相反反应的正系统和负系统位于靠近腹内侧额叶、颞叶、顶叶、下丘脑和中脑的每一个嗅觉区，以及更多的中线区域（未指定）。例如，他发现在某一点上对颞叶的杏仁核进行[3]饮食刺激会引起患者的欣快反应
I. Location and Function of Two Systems Preliminary evidence for two brain systems concerned widi autonomic and neuroendocrine function has been considered previously [i]. The first of these systems, inhibitory with respect to the neuroendocrine response to stress, appears to be strongly represented in the anterior and lateral hypothalamus; die second, facüitatory with respect to the stress response, is strongly represented in the posterior and medial hypothalamus. Selfstimulation in the first of these systems dirough depth electrodes appears to be rewarding for both man and animal, whereas electrical stimulation in the second system has adverse effects. The two hypothalamic zones where these systems are represented have been shown to be reciprocally inhibitory, and the hypodiesis has been advanced [i] diat this is but a special case ofdie general reciprocally inhibitory relationship between these two systems. Additional evidence from work with man and monkeys now provides a more differentiated view of die structure and function of diese two systems. In work with human patients undergoing neurosurgery, Sem-Jacobsen [2] found diat a positive and a negative system, widi opposite reactions to electrical stimulation, are located close to each odier in die ventromedial frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, hypothalamus, and midbrain, as well as in more midline regions (not specified). For example, he found [3 ] diat stimulation of the amygdaloid nucleus of the temporal lobe at one point induced a euphoric reaction in the patient