Physics of nuclear reactor safety
Physics of nuclear reactor safety
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核反应堆安全物理学
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Dam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Dam
提供核裂变反应堆安全的物理方面的简要回顾。它大致涵盖了过去十年的发展。导言一章分析了安全理念的变化，这些变化是过去十年的特点，由于强调被动或自然安全，这些变化使物理方面变得更加重要。第二章重点介绍了反应堆安全的基础知识，确定了主要危险源和安全设计的主要原则。第三章涉及对裂变链反应过程的性质和这些过程的控制的基本物理过程的系统处理。由于反应堆物理领域的相当专门化的性质，在对其发展进行回顾之前，每一段都包含对所考虑的现象的理论的非常简明的描述。第4章包含对反应堆安全的热方面的简短回顾，仅限于核反应堆领域的那些方面，因为裂变反应堆的热工力学与其他物理系统的热工力学没有主要的不同。在第五章中，回顾了前几章中讨论的物理对实际反应堆的动力学和安全性的影响。处理的分类学主要是根据冷却剂的类型将反应堆分为三类，这在很大程度上决定了反应堆的安全性能。最后一章对1986年发生的切尔诺贝利事故进行了物理分析。试图在编者所限定的篇幅内尽可能完整地回顾这一事故的原因有两个：切尔诺贝利事故是历史上最严重的事故，反应堆的物理特性起了决定性的作用，因此可以作为前几章材料的说明。
Provides a concise review of the physical aspects of safety of nuclear fission reactors. It covers the developments of roughly the last decade. The introductory chapter contains an analysis of the changes in safety philosophy that are characteristic of the last decade and that have given rise to an increased importance of physical aspects because of the emphasis on passive or natural safety. The second chapter focuses on the basics of reactor safety, identifying the main risk sources and the main principles for a safe design. The third chapter concerns a systematic treatment of the physical processes that are fundamental for the properties of fission chain reacting processes and the control of those processes. Because of the rather specialized nature of the field of reactor physics, each paragraph contains a very concise description of the theory of the phenomenon under consideration, before presenting a review of the developments. Chapter 4 contains a short review of the thermal aspects of reactor safety, restricted to those aspects that are characteristic of the nuclear reactor field, because thermal hydraulics of fission reactors is not principally different from that of other physical systems. In chapter 5 the consequences of the physics treated in the preceding chapters for the dynamics and safety of actual reactors are reviewed. The systematics of the treatment is mainly based on a division of reactors into three categories according to the type of coolant, which to a large extent determines the safety properties of the reactors. The last chapter contains a physical analysis of the Chernobyl accident that occurred in 1986. The reason for an attempt to give a review of this accident, as complete as possible within the space limits set by the editors, is twofold: the Chernobyl accident is the most severe accident in history and physical properties of the reactor played a decisive role, thereby serving as an illustration of the material of the preceding chapters.