Transformative innovation in peri-urban Asia
Transformative innovation in peri-urban Asia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.respol.2018.10.007
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
F. Marshall;Jonathan Dolley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Marshall;Jonathan Dolley
本文借鉴印度和中国的两个案例研究，讨论快速城市化环境如何以及为何对变革性创新特别具有挑战性，但同时也是关键的可持续发展前沿和学习环境。我们认为，对当前形式的半城市化缺乏理解和政策参与，导致排斥现象不断增加，支持多个可持续城市发展目标的潜力也未实现。半城市化的特点往往是新自由主义的空间重新排序和强大的城市精英对环境议程的共同选择。土地利用、资源开采、污染和生计转变的变化推动了社会技术和社会生态系统之间相互作用的快速变化，并在城乡连续体中产生复杂的反馈。由于管辖权模糊、正式和非正式制度安排的过渡、社区异质且有时是短暂的、决策权向遥远的当局转移以及基于市场的非正式安排的快速增长而对环境管理缺乏激励，这些背景还带来了特有的治理挑战。半城市化的这些独特特征可能会加剧包容性的缺乏并阻碍实验，但它们也可以为变革性创新提供宝贵的机会。这种创新不太可能遵循利基管理和升级的路线，而是应该利用城市周边的动态。有可能建立新的联盟，以便重新谈判城乡连续体的治理结构，重新构建城市可持续发展辩论，并重新配置社会技术和社会生态系统的相互作用。
This paper draws on two case studies from India and China to discuss how and why rapidly urbanizing contexts are particularly challenging for transformative innovation but are also critical sustainability frontiers and learning environments. We argue that lack of understanding and policy engagement with peri-urbanization in its current form is leading to increasing exclusion and unrealized potential to support multiple sustainable urban development goals. Peri-urbanization is often characterized by the neoliberal reordering of space and a co-option of environmental agendas by powerful urban elites. Changing land-use, resource extraction, pollution and livelihood transitions drive rapid changes in interactions between socio-technical and social-ecological systems, and produce complex feedbacks across the rural–urban continuum. These contexts also present characteristic governance challenges as a result of jurisdictional ambiguity, transitioning formal and informal institutional arrangements, heterogeneous and sometimes transient communities, shifts in decision making to distant authorities and the rapid growth of informal market-based arrangements with little incentive for environmental management. These unique features of peri-urbanization may reinforce a lack of inclusion and hinder experimentation, but they can also present valuable opportunities for transformative innovation. This innovation is unlikely to follow the lines of niche management and upscaling but rather should take advantage of peri-urban dynamics. There are possibilities to build new alliances in order to renegotiate governance structures across the rural–urban continuum, to reframe urban sustainability debates and to reconfigure socio-technical and social-ecological systems interactions.