Changes in gait when anticipating slippery floors
Changes in gait when anticipating slippery floors
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DOI：
10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00150-3
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发表时间：
2002-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Redfern, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cham, R;Redfern, MS
滑倒引起的福尔斯跌落是受伤的主要原因之一。对此类项目的生物力学分析是滑倒/福尔斯预防研究的必要组成部分。生物力学研究的挑战之一是再现现实生活中滑倒事故的意外性质。因此，本研究的目的是量化步态生物力学的变化时，受试者预期湿滑的环境。16名受试者在水平行走和不同摩擦特性和倾斜度的下坡过程中记录了足部地面反作用力和身体动力学。在三种类型的干燥试验中比较步态生物力学：（1）基线（受试者知道地板是干燥的）;（2）预期（受试者不确定污染条件，干燥，水，肥皂或油）;和（3）污染试验后记录的恢复试验（受试者再次知道地板是干燥的）。要求受试者在整个测试过程中尽可能自然地行走。预期试验产生的摩擦系数峰值（RCOFpeak）值平均比基线试验期间收集的值显著低16-33%，从而降低了滑动可能性。在恢复试验期间，RCOF峰值没有恢复到基线特征（降低5-12%）。姿势和时间步态适应，影响地面反作用力，被用来实现RCOFpeak减少。具有统计学意义的步态适应包括站立持续时间（SD）和支撑脚上的加载速度减少，标准化步长（NSL）缩短，脚跟接触时脚坡道角度减小和脚角速度减慢。由于这些适应，预期的光滑表面导致下肢关节力矩的显着变化，反映了整体肌肉的反应。因此，这项研究表明，即使受试者被要求尽可能自然地行走，当存在滑倒的潜在风险时，也会发生显著的步态变化。还深入了解了用于减少滑倒/福尔斯可能性的适应措施。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
Falls precipitated by slipping are listed among the leading causes of injuries. The biomechanical analysis of such events is a necessary component of the slips/falls prevention research. One of the challenges of biomechanical studies is reproducing the unexpected nature of real-life slipping accidents. Thus, the goal of this study was to quantify changes in gait biomechanics when subjects anticipate slippery environments. Foot ground reaction forces and body dynamics of 16 subjects were recorded during level walking and descending ramps of varying frictional properties and inclination. Gait biomechanics were compared among three types of dry trials: (1) baseline (subjects knew the floor was dry); (2) anticipation (subjects were uncertain of the contaminant condition, dry, water, soap or oil); and (3) recovery trials recorded after a contaminated trial (subjects again knew the floor was dry). Subjects were asked to walk as naturally as possible throughout testing. Anticipation trials produced peak required coefficient of friction (RCOFpeak) values that were on average 16-33% significantly lower than those collected during baseline trials, thus reducing slip potential. During recovery trials, RCOFpeak values did not return to baseline characteristics (5-12% lower). Postural and temporal gait adaptations, which affected ground reaction forces, were used to achieve RCOFpeak reductions. Statistically significant gait adaptations included reductions in stance duration (SD) and loading speed on the supporting foot, shorter normalized stride length (NSL), reduced foot-ramp angle and slower angular foot velocity at heel contact. As a result of these adaptations, anticipation of slippery surfaces led to significant changes in lower extremity joint moments, a reflection of overall muscle reactions. Thus, this study suggests that significant gait changes are made when there is a potential risk of slipping even though subjects were asked to walk as naturally as possible. Insights are also gained into the adaptations that are used to reduce the potential of slips/falls. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.