Bowling together by bowling alone: Social capital and COVID-19
Bowling together by bowling alone: Social capital and COVID-19
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113501
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Andrieu, Elodie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borgonovi, Francesca;Andrieu, Elodie
社会资本描述了存在于社区内的社会纽带，包括互惠和信任的规范以及社会关系和社交网络。我们使用来自美国各县的数据，以确定社区层面在疫情早期（2月17日至5月10日）对COVID-19的反应是否取决于社会资本水平。我们发现，生活在社会资本水平高的县的个人比生活在社会资本水平低的县的个人更快地减少流动性，他们特别减少了针对零售和娱乐活动的流动性，即具有更高潜在风险的非必要活动。差异中差异的结果表明，在一个县采取就地安置令（SIPO）、确诊的COVID-19病例数量增加和阴雨天气都与流动性下降有关，但这种影响是异质的，取决于社区层面的社会资本。在社会资本较高的社区，影响更为明显。基于这些发现，我们绘制了美国社区对COVID-19的脆弱程度：大部分人口患有既有疾病且社区社会资本水平较低的县特别容易因COVID-19而经历严重的健康后果。
Social capital describes the social bonds that exist within a community and comprises norms of reciprocity and trust as well as social relationships and social networks. We use data from counties in the United States to identify if community level responses to COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic (February 17 - May 10) depended on levels of social capital. We find that individuals who lived in counties with high levels of social capital reduced mobility faster than individuals living in counties with low levels of social capital and that they especially reduced mobility directed at retail and recreational activities, i.e. non-essential activities with higher potential risk. Difference-in-difference results show that the adoption of shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs) in a county, an increase in the number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases and a rainy weather were all associated with a decline in mobility, but that effects were heterogenous and depended on community level social capital. Effects were more pronounced in high social capital communities. Based on these findings, we map the level of vulnerability of communities in the United States to COVID-19: counties with a large share of the population suffering from pre-existing medical conditions and low levels of community level social capital are especially susceptible to experiencing severe health outcomes because of COVID-19.