How cattle discriminate between green and dead forages accessible by head and neck movements by means of senses: reliance on vision varies with the distance to the forages
How cattle discriminate between green and dead forages accessible by head and neck movements by means of senses: reliance on vision varies with the distance to the forages
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-019-01344-4
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kusatake, Noriko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirata, Masahiko;Kusatake, Noriko
有蹄类动物区分植被斑块的能力主要取决于视觉、嗅觉、嗅觉和味觉。然而，很少有人知道有蹄类动物如何依赖于各自的感官在不同的距离歧视目标。本研究旨在评估牛如何通过感官区分绿色和死亡的牧草斑块，特别注意视觉与牧草距离的关系。13头日本黑牛被允许在距离约1 m的两种饲料之间进行选择，没有（- BF）或有（+ BF）眼罩。绿色饲料在颜色、质地、气味、质量和动物偏好方面与死饲料不同。奶牛将绿色饲料作为第一选择（类型1），或在错误地触摸（类型2）或进一步咬（类型3）死饲料后作为第二选择。总体而言，[类型1]/[类型1 + 2 + 3]的比例高于- BF和+ BF的机会，但通过蒙眼降低。[类型2]/[类型2 + 3]的比例高于- BF和+ BF的机会，而不受蒙眼的影响。结果表明，牛区分绿色饲料和死饲料在很大程度上依赖于视觉，在远离饲料时在较小程度上依赖于嗅觉，但不再依赖于视觉，至少依赖于口鼻上的触觉或当接触时在嘴里错误的选择。
The ability of ungulates to discriminate among vegetation patches depends largely on the senses of vision, olfaction, tactility, and gustation. However, little is known about how ungulates rely on the respective senses in response to varying distances to discrimination targets. This study aimed to assess how cattle discriminate between patches of green and dead forages by means of senses, with a particular attention to the role of vision in relation to the distance to the forages. Thirteen Japanese Black cows were allowed to choose between the two forages from a distance of about 1 m without (- BF) or with (+ BF) a blindfold. The green forage differed from the dead forage in color, texture, odor, quality, and animals' preference. Cows located and ate the green forage as the first choice (Type 1), or as the second choice after touching (Type 2) or further biting (Type 3) the dead forage in error. Overall, the proportion of [Type 1]/[Types 1 + 2 + 3] was above the chance for both - BF and + BF with a decrease by blindfolding. The proportion of [Type 2]/[Types 2 + 3] was above the chance for both - BF and + BF with no effect of blindfolding. The results indicate that cattle discriminating green forage against dead forage rely greatly on vision and to a lesser degree on olfaction when away from the forages, but rely no longer on vision and at least on tactility on the muzzle or in the mouth when in contact with a wrong choice.