MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF MINERALIZED TISSUES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BONE
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF MINERALIZED TISSUES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BONE
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.31.359
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发表时间：
1959-01-01
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
GLIMCHER, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GLIMCHER, MJ
以下是提出生物矿化主题的几个原因。首先，这些组织的组织，从大分子水平到宏观组织元素水平，为生物系统中的结构顺序以及组织结构和组织功能之间的关系提供了极好的例子。其次，矿化过程说明了组织或器官的生理功能可以根据其成分的分子结构和大分子组织以及相当明确的物理化学现象来解释的方式。第三，矿化中许多未解决的现象提出了具有挑战性的问题，特别是对于那些受过物理科学培训的人来说。生物体的某些组织必须执行各种机械功能，例如抵抗重力维持生物体的形式和形状，以及通过将某些脆弱的器官（或生物体本身）封闭在刚性的拱顶中来保护它们。作为肌肉的附着部位，并凭借关节，它们还为生物体提供了一个可移动但结构刚性的杠杆系统。因此，某些生物体不仅具有确定的形式和形状，而且具有灵活性以及运动和捕捉的手段。大自然设计了许多不同的方法来区分这些特殊的组织。对于某些昆虫，聚合的几丁质蛋白前质变得高度交联，提供外骨骼所需的结构特性。对于某些软骨鱼，例如鲨鱼，纤维状凝胶状结构软骨提供了弹性和结构刚性。第三种方法，即本文的主题，是在有机基质内沉积大量无机晶体：组织矿化。这个过程在生物学中广泛存在
HERE are several reasons for presenting the topic of biological mineralization. In the first place, the organization of these tissues, from the macromolecular level to the level of the macroscopic tissue elements, offers superb examples both of structural order in bio-logical systems and of the relation between tissue architecture and tissue function. Secondly, the process of mineralization illustrates the way in which the physio-logical function of a tissue or organ may be interpreted on the basis of the molecular structure and macro-molecular organization of its components, and in terms of fairly well-characterized physicochemical phenomena. Thirdly, many of the unsolved phenomena in mineral-ization provide challenging problems, particularly for those with training in the physical sciences. Certain tissues of the organism must perform a variety of mechanical functions, such as the maintenance of the form and shape of the organism against the forces of gravity, and the protection of certain delicate organs (or the organisms themselves) by en-closing them in rigid vaults. As sitesof attachments for muscles andby virtue of articulations, they also provide the organism with a system ofmovable but structurally rigid levers. Thus, certain organisms have not only definite form and shape, but also flexibility and a means for locomotion and prehension. Nature has devised a number of diferent ways of diR'erentiating these specialized tissues. In the case of certain insects, the polymeric chitinous-protein procuticle becomes highly crosslinked providing the structural properties required for the exoskeleton. In the case of certain Elasmobranchii, such as the shark, a fibrous, gel-like structure, cartilage, provides both resiliency and structural rigidity. A third method, the subject of this paper, is the deposition of a substantial amount of inorganic crystals within an organic matrix: tissue mineralization. This process is widespread in biology