Prenatal Cocaine Exposure

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure
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产前接触可卡因

DOI:
--
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发表时间:
2000
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
A. Snyder
A. Snyder
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
R. Keller;A. Snyder

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翻译后摘要:可卡因滥用是一个重要的问题,不仅在一般人群中,而且在孕妇。由于可卡因很容易穿过胎盘,在胎儿体内代谢缓慢,他们可能会长时间接触大量可卡因。在人类中,怀孕期间滥用可卡因最常见的后果包括早产、出生体重较低、呼吸窘迫、肠梗塞、脑梗塞、头围减小和癫痫发作风险增加。在行为上,这些新的神经元表现出更高程度的“颤抖”,哭泣和易怒,并且对环境刺激反应过度。在一个月内,这些行为已经显着恢复,但没有恢复到正常水平。因此,虽然有许多与接触可卡因的新生儿相关的异常,但它们并不会立即使人衰弱或危及生命。然而,这种产前可卡因暴露的长期后果仍有待阐明。我们已经研究了大鼠模型的神经化学,神经解剖和行为的变化,导致产前可卡因暴露。由于已知可卡因通过阻断神经递质多巴胺、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素的失活而起作用,因此我们的研究集中在脑多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)通路上。在这个模型系统中,我们发现了出生时存在的神经化学变化,随着大鼠年龄的增长,这些变化恢复正常-类似于在婴儿中观察到的恢复。然而,还有其他神经化学,解剖学和行为变化在出生后持续存在,这可能会提供对长期后果的见解。希望通过了解这种大鼠模型中发生的变化,我们将更好地准备设计药物干预措施,以规避产前可卡因暴露的继发性后果。这些后果可能包括增加对药物成瘾、癫痫、抑郁、精神分裂症、帕金森病等的易感性。
Abstract: Cocaine abuse is a significant problem not only in the general population but also among pregnant women. Since cocaine readily crosses the placenta and is metabolized slowly in fetuses, they can be exposed to significant levels of cocaine for long periods. In humans the most common consequences of cocaine abuse during pregnancy include premature birth, lower birth weight, respiratory distress, bowel infarctions, cerebral infarctions, reduced head circumference, and increased risk of seizures. Behaviorally these new‐borns show an increased degree of “tremulousness,” crying and irritability, and are over‐reactive to environmental stimuli. Within a month these behaviors have recovered dramatically, but not to normal levels. Thus while there are a number of abnormalities associated with cocaine‐exposed neonates, they are not imminently debilitating or life‐threatening. However, the long‐term consequences of this prenatal cocaine exposure remain to be elucidated. We have examined a rat model for neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioral changes resulting from prenatal cocaine exposure. Since cocaine is known to act by blocking the inactivation of the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, our studies have focused on brain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) pathways. In this model system we have found neurochemical changes that are present at birth and that return to normal as the rat ages‐similar to the recovery observed in infants. However, there are other neurochemical, anatomical and behavioral changes that persist after birth which may provide insights into the long‐term consequences. It is hoped that by understanding the changes occurring in this rat model we will be better prepared to devise pharmacological interventions to circumvent the secondary consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure. These consequences might include increased susceptibility to drug addiction, seizures, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, etc.
母亲在怀孕期间使用可卡因后的影响之谜:是否存在可协调的差异?
DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90021-f
发表时间: 1993
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
Hutchings,DE
通讯作者: Hutchings,DE
谜题的缺失使得关于可卡因在临床人群中的神经行为毒性的结论变得复杂:动物模型的重要性。
DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90031-i
发表时间: 1993
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
Spear,LP
通讯作者: Spear,LP
产前接受可卡因治疗的大鼠对可卡因和戊四唑诱发的癫痫发作的易感性增强。
DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00061-6
发表时间: 2000
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
Snyder-Keller,A;Sam,C;KellerJr,RW
通讯作者: KellerJr,RW
滥用药物对围产期的影响。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1987
期刊: Federation proceedings
影响因子: --
作者:
Braude,MC;Szeto,HH;Kuhn,CM;Bero,L;Ignar,D;Field,E;Lurie,S;Chasnoff,IJ;Mendelson,JH;Zuckerman,B
通讯作者: Zuckerman,B
产前接触可卡因和其他药物的儿童的结果:三年数据的路径分析。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1993
期刊: Pediatrics
影响因子: 8
作者:
Azuma,SD;Chasnoff,IJ
通讯作者: Chasnoff,IJ