Evaluating opportunities to improve material and energy impacts in commodity supply chains
Evaluating opportunities to improve material and energy impacts in commodity supply chains
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DOI：
10.1007/s10669-016-9622-5
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Carpenter, Alberta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanes, Rebecca J.;Carpenter, Alberta
如果以单个工艺的规模进行评估，下一代技术可能比现有技术更加能源密集和排放密集。然而，许多先进技术有可能减少上游或下游加工阶段的材料和能源消耗。为了充分理解技术部署的好处和后果，应将下一代技术作为供应链的一部分进行评估。这项工作提出了通过工业（MFI）的物料流供应链建模工具。MFI工具是美国工业部门从摇篮到大门的线性网络模型，可以模拟各种制造场景，包括生产技术的变化和工业能源效率的提高。MFI工具的开发是为了进行供应链规模分析，以量化下一代技术和材料在该规模上的影响和效益。对于本文提出的分析，MFI工具是用来探索一个案例研究比较三个轻型汽车供应链的传统，标准重量的汽车供应链。在包括下一代生产技术和下一代材料的制造场景下，对几个轻型汽车供应链进行了评估。结果表明，生产轻量化车辆是更多的能源和排放密集型比生产非轻量化车辆，但在车辆使用过程中节省的燃料抵消了这一增加。在本案例研究中，通过应用下一代技术，供应链能源和排放量的减少比通过应用提高能源效率实现的减少要多。
When evaluated at the scale of individual processes, next-generation technologies may be more energy and emissions intensive than current technology. However, many advanced technologies have the potential to reduce material and energy consumption in upstream or downstream processing stages. In order to fully understand the benefits and consequences of technology deployment, next-generation technologies should be evaluated in context, as part of a supply chain. This work presents the Materials Flow through Industry (MFI) supply chain modeling tool. The MFI tool is a cradle-to-gate linear network model of the US industrial sector that can model a wide range of manufacturing scenarios, including changes in production technology and increases in industrial energy efficiency. The MFI tool was developed to perform supply chain scale analyses in order to quantify the impacts and benefits of next-generation technologies and materials at that scale. For the analysis presented in this paper, the MFI tool is utilized to explore a case study comparing three lightweight vehicle supply chains to the supply chain of a conventional, standard weight vehicle. Several of the lightweight vehicle supply chains are evaluated under manufacturing scenarios that include next-generation production technologies and next-generation materials. Results indicate that producing lightweight vehicles is more energy and emission intensive than producing the non-lightweight vehicle, but the fuel saved during vehicle use offsets this increase. In this case study, greater reductions in supply chain energy and emissions were achieved through the application of the next-generation technologies than from application of energy efficiency increases.