Vigor and skill in the acrobatic mating displays of a Neotropical songbird
Vigor and skill in the acrobatic mating displays of a Neotropical songbird
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新热带鸣鸟杂技般的交配表演充满活力和技巧
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
J. Podos
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作者：
L. Manica;R. Macedo;J. Graves;J. Podos
动物的社会行为通常是由提供信号属性信息的信号介导的。虽然有些信号在结构上很简单，但其他信号是动态的和多方面的。在这种情况下，一些显示组件的夸张可能会减少其他组件的表达。我们量化的杂技，多模式的“飞跃显示”的蓝黑色草裙（Volatinia jacarina），这似乎需要中到高的性能水平的活力和技能方面的功能。我们的视频记录和量化的飞跃参数（高度，持续时间，旋转角度，发射速度，和翅膀拍数），并评估这些参数如何相互协变，并与声乐参数，显示率，体重指数。我们的分析揭示了多个性能变量之间的相关性：跳跃高度，持续时间，发射速度和翅膀拍打次数。跳跃高度也与歌曲持续时间呈正相关。相比之下，没有跳跃参数与旋转角度协变。我们的分析还揭示了活力和基于技能的跳跃属性之间的权衡：体重指数较低的鸟类的跳跃高度和包括跳跃的显示比例之间呈负相关（仅与栖息发声）。我们的研究结果确定了显示进化的方向受到机械或时间的限制，并提供证据表明，显示属性，强调活力和技能可能会限制彼此。我们的研究结果也支持一个关键的期望障碍模型的显示进化，这是显示执行的成本应承担不成比例的信号质量较低。
Animal social behaviors are often mediated by signals that provide information about signaler attributes. Although some signals are structurally simple, others are temporally dynamic and multifaceted. In such cases, exaggeration of some display components is likely to curtail the expression of others. We quantified features of the acrobatic, multimodal “leap display” of blue-black grassquits (Volatinia jacarina), which appears to entail moderate-to-high performance levels in terms of vigor and skill. We video recorded and quantified leap parameters (height, duration, rotation angle, launch velocity, and number of wing beats) and assessed how these parameters covaried with each other and with vocal parameters, display rates, and body mass index. Our analyses revealed correlations among multiple performance variables: leap height, duration, launch velocity, and number of wing beats. Leap height also correlated positively with song duration. By contrast, no leap parameters covaried with rotation angle. Our analyses also revealed a trade-off in vigor and skill-based leap attributes: birds with a lower body mass index showed a negative relationship between leap heights and the proportion of displays that included leaps (vs. perched vocalizations only). Our results identify directions of display evolution subject to mechanical or timing constraints and provide evidence that display attributes that emphasize vigor and skill may limit one another. Our results also support a key expectation of handicap models of display evolution, which is that costs of display execution should be borne disproportionately by signalers of lower quality.