Plant Elongator-Protein Complex of Diverse Activities Regulates Growth, Development, and Immune Responses.
Plant Elongator-Protein Complex of Diverse Activities Regulates Growth, Development, and Immune Responses.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms21186912
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发表时间：
2020-09-22
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Woloszynska M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jarosz M;Van Lijsebettens M;Woloszynska M
与酵母、动物和植物中保守的Elongator组成相反，该复合物的分子功能和催化活性仍然存在争议。在酵母、动物和植物中，延伸子被鉴定为延伸RNA聚合酶II全酶的组分。此外，有人建议，Elonagtor通过组蛋白乙酰转移酶活性促进转录延长。因此，表现出发育、生长或免疫应答缺陷的拟南芥elo突变体的表型与转录下调和关键基因编码区中组蛋白乙酰化的降低相关。植物延伸因子还参与其他过程：miRNA的转录和加工，通过组蛋白乙酰化调节DNA复制，以及α-微管蛋白的乙酰化。此外，首次在酵母中发现并在植物中证实的tRNA修饰被认为是Elongator的主要活性，导致翻译的特异性，这也可能间接导致转录的缺陷。拟南芥Elongator亚基的异源超表达及其各自的表型表明，单个Elongator亚基除了作为复合体的一部分外，还可能具有另一种功能。本文综述了Elongator在植物细胞核和细胞质中的分子机制和催化活性，并对Elongator调控植物生长、发育和免疫反应的机制进行了初步探讨。
Contrary to the conserved Elongator composition in yeast, animals, and plants, molecular functions and catalytic activities of the complex remain controversial. Elongator was identified as a component of elongating RNA polymerase II holoenzyme in yeast, animals, and plants. Furthermore, it was suggested that Elonagtor facilitates elongation of transcription via histone acetyl transferase activity. Accordingly, phenotypes of Arabidopsis elo mutants, which show development, growth, or immune response defects, correlate with transcriptional downregulation and the decreased histone acetylation in the coding regions of crucial genes. Plant Elongator was also implicated in other processes: transcription and processing of miRNA, regulation of DNA replication by histone acetylation, and acetylation of alpha-tubulin. Moreover, tRNA modification, discovered first in yeast and confirmed in plants, was claimed as the main activity of Elongator, leading to specificity in translation that might also result indirectly in a deficiency in transcription. Heterologous overexpression of individual Arabidopsis Elongator subunits and their respective phenotypes suggest that single Elongator subunits might also have another function next to being a part of the complex. In this review, we shall present the experimental evidence of all molecular mechanisms and catalytic activities performed by Elongator in nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells, which might explain how Elongator regulates growth, development, and immune responses.
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